Studying Mitochondrial Structure and Function in &lt;em&gt;Drosophila&lt;/em&gt; Ovaries

Parker, Danitra; Moran, Aida; Mitra, Kasturi

doi:10.3791/54989

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To determine if the removal of gut bacteria also influences the activity of the mitochondria in the host, we stained ovaries of mito-EYFP flies with the TMRE indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (Parker et al, 2017). We used the TMRE/YFP ratio as an intrinsic measure of mitochondrial function that is independent of mitochondrial content.…”

Section: Reduced Mitochondrial Function and Atp Production In Gf Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Regulation of Host Energy and Oogenesis by Microbiome-Derived Mitochondrial Coenzymes

et al. 2021

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Gut microbiota have been shown to promote oogenesis and fecundity, but the mechanistic basis of remote influence on oogenesis remained unknown. Here, we report a systemic mechanism of influence mediated by bacterial-derived supply of mitochondrial coenzymes. Removal of microbiota decreased mitochondrial activity and ATP levels in the whole-body and ovary, resulting in repressed oogenesis. Similar repression was caused by RNA-based knockdown of mitochondrial function in ovarian follicle cells. Reduced mitochondrial function in germ-free (GF) females was reversed by bacterial recolonization or supplementation of riboflavin, a precursor of FAD and FMN. Metabolomics analysis of GF females revealed a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and FAD levels and an increase in metabolites that are degraded by FAD-dependent enzymes (e.g., amino and fatty acids). Riboflavin supplementation opposed this effect, elevating mitochondrial function, ATP, and oogenesis. These findings uncover a bacterial-mitochondrial axis of influence, linking gut bacteria with systemic regulation of host energy and reproduction.

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Section: Reduced Mitochondrial Function and Atp Production In Gf Femalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Regulation of Host Energy and Oogenesis by Microbiome-Derived Mitochondrial Coenzymes

et al. 2021

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“…e dynamism of mitochondria is the result of two opposing processes: fusion, which leads to their merging into larger mitochondrial networks and ssion, which is the process of separation of an individual mitochondrion from the network. e morphology of mitochondria depends on the balance between these processes [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Mitochondria in Syncytial Annelid Female Germ-Line Cyst Visualized by Serial Block-Face SEM

Urbisz

Student

Śliwińska

et al. 2020

International Journal of Cell Biology

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Mitochondria change their morphology and distribution depending on the metabolism and functional state of a cell. Here, we analyzed the mitochondria and selected structures in female germ-line cysts in a representative of clitellate annelids – the white worm Enchytraeus albidus in which each germ cell has one cytoplasmic bridge that connects it to a common cytoplasmic mass. Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM), we prepared three-dimensional ultrastructural reconstructions of the entire selected compartments of a cyst at the advanced stage of oogenesis, i.e. the nurse cell, cytophore, and cytoplasmic bridges of all 16 cells (15 nurse cells and oocyte). We revealed extensive mitochondrial networks in the nurse cells, cytophore and mitochondria that pass through the cytoplasmic bridges, which indicates that a mitochondrial network can extend throughout the entire cyst. The dynamic hyperfusion state was suggested for such mitochondrial aggregations. We measured the mitochondria distribution and revealed their polarized distribution in the nurse cells and more abundant accumulation within the cytophore compared to the nurse cell. A close association of mitochondrial networks with dispersed nuage material, which seems to be the structural equivalent of a Balbiani body, not described in clitellate annelids so far, was also revealed.

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“…Various approaches to quantify mitochondrial energetics exist in the field. Quantification of mitochondrial morphology reflecting mitochondrial dynamics status is less developed, but has been attempted by various laboratories (Harwig et al, 2018;Iannetti et al, 2016;Karbowski et al, 2004;Mitra et al, 2009;Ouellet et al, 2017;Parker et al, 2017). To address the critical need for integrated analyses, we first designed and validated metrics for quantifying mitochondrial dynamics status, and thereafter developed a multivariate approach towards identifying and quantifying mitochondrial [energetics] versus [dynamics] relationships in single cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New quantitative approach reveals heterogeneity in mitochondrial structure–function relations in tumor-initiating cells

Spurlock

Gupta

Basu

et al. 2019

Journal of Cell Science

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Steady-state mitochondrial structure or morphology is primarily maintained by a balance of opposing fission and fusion events between individual mitochondria, which is collectively referred to as mitochondrial dynamics. The details of the bidirectional relationship between the status of mitochondrial dynamics (structure) and energetics (function) require methods to integrate these mitochondrial aspects. To study the quantitative relationship between the status of mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion, matrix continuity and diameter) and energetics (ATP and redox), we have developed an analytical approach called mito-SinCe 2. After validating and providing proof of principle, we applied mito-SinCe 2 on ovarian tumor-initiating cells (ovTICs). Mito-SinCe 2 analyses led to the hypothesis that mitochondria-dependent ovTICs interconvert between three states, that have distinct relationships between mitochondrial energetics and dynamics. Interestingly, fusion and ATP increase linearly with each other only once a certain level of fusion is attained. Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics status changes linearly with ATP or with redox, but not simultaneously with both. Furthermore, mito-SinCe 2 analyses can potentially predict new quantitative features of the opposing fission versus fusion relationship and classify cells into functional classes based on their mito-SinCe 2 states. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

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Studying Mitochondrial Structure and Function in <em>Drosophila</em> Ovaries

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Systemic Regulation of Host Energy and Oogenesis by Microbiome-Derived Mitochondrial Coenzymes

Systemic Regulation of Host Energy and Oogenesis by Microbiome-Derived Mitochondrial Coenzymes

Morphology of Mitochondria in Syncytial Annelid Female Germ-Line Cyst Visualized by Serial Block-Face SEM

New quantitative approach reveals heterogeneity in mitochondrial structure–function relations in tumor-initiating cells

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