Studying Quality of Drinking Water and Determining Sustainable Indicators for Water Resources of Villages of Harsin Town of Iran

Abstract

Background: Scale formation and corrosion continue to cause mild and serious problems in water dispensing systems. Although there are advanced technologies available today, such problems still persist and can lead to health problems and financial damage. Objectives: To delve into this matter, the present study aimed to determine the water potential in terms of scale formation and corrosion in the water resources of villages in the vicinity Harsin town in Iran. Furthermore, the physical and chemical qualities of the water were also studied. Methods: For this descriptive study, samples were prepared from 19 villages during the 8 months of the study duration. These were analyzed according to standard 1053 of Iran water standard and study institution, also calculated for Langelier, Rayzner, Puckorius and aggressive indices for scale formation and corrosion. Results: Indices were 0.80 on Langelier, 6.68 on Rayzner, 10.92 on aggressiveness, and 6.85 on Puckorius calculations. Mean concentrations of calcium, magnesium, fluoride, and ammonium were respectively 63.8 ± 16.89, 21.1 ± 9.08, 0.3 ± 0.26, and 0 ± 0.01 milligram per liter which are reasonable according to national standards. Conclusions: Findings revealed that all physical and chemical indices, and cations and anions of water samples were within a reasonable range. Other parameters involved in causing hardness were also at standard levels. The water resources of Harsin town were healthy in terms of scale formation and corrosion verification, but they still needed close attention in order to keep them within the current appropriate conditions with possible improvements.

Impact of independent and non-independent parameters on various elements’ rejection by nanofiltration employed in groundwater treatment

“…Having too soft water is problematic too; in addition, soft water on the other hand is corrosive. This lowers the water quality; consequently, the quality requirements at the consumer's end might not be met anymore (Gray 2008;Mohammadi et al 2018;Honarbakhsh 2019). World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that the permissible range of sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, sulfate, chloride and nitrate contents in drinking water is about 200 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 12 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 300 mg/L and 5 mg/L, respectively (WHO 2011).…”

Smart River Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Examples of such devices included pH meter HANNA-pH 211, HACH-2100 P turbidity meter, and HACH-Dr 5000 spectrophotometer, which are used mostly to measure some of the physiochemical parameters of the water. These devices could not ensure reliable and timely data collection during the water quality monitoring process since they are not deployed permanently in the water but have to be taken to site when required and in most cases, this may be well after the event [6,7].…”

“…The accuracy and precision of the parameters recorded by the smart sensor nodes are compared to the measurements obtained by the field personnel in the laboratory. The choice of using Libelium sensors in this project was influenced by (1) robust sensor construction (sensor modules are housed in a waterproof case); (2) high accuracy in sensor readings; (3) simple setup process and ease of use; (4) cost of sensors and maintenance warranty policy; (5) low energy consumption; (6) reliability; (7) online and offline support through webinars, product training, discussion forum, and technical inquiries through email; and (8) software compatibility with other systems such as Arduino sensor board. These meet the criteria set for selecting sensor devices for water quality monitoring [10].…”

Impacts of Different Phosphorus Contents on the Growth of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the Aquatic Environment

“…One of the major pollutants found in aquatic environments is phosphorus. The average amount of phosphorus in water resources is < 1 mg/L; exceeding the amounts permitted in water causes a serious threat to the environment, animals, and aquatic life (8)(9)(10). Phosphorus is a limiting factor in lakes.…”