Studying the Mechanisms of Crude Oil Pour Point and Viscosity Reductions When 
Developing Chemical Additives With the Use of Advanced Analytical Tools

Tùng, Nguyễn Thanh; Thi, Phuong Nguyen; Long, Bui Quang; Thuc, Phung Trong; Son, Tong

doi:10.2523/65024-ms

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The addition of the light distillate to the crude (before pumping) is another alternative, but it wastes the precious light distillates. The addition of the oil-soluble surfactants or treating the crude with chemical additives (before pumping) is the most viable solution of this problem. , Before selecting any treatment, the factors such as heat transfer, mass transfer, design of the pipelines, shutdown and restarting period, and overall cost of the treatment should also be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Based Designing of Wax Crystal Growth Inhibitors

2008

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Four new comb-shape maleic anhydride copolymeric diesters with aliphatic and/or aromatic pendant chains were synthesized by suspension polymerization and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel-permeation chromatography. These polymers were evaluated as pour-point depressant (PPD) and rheology modifiers on Kosamba (KS) crude oil (Gujarat, India). A complete rheological analysis of crude oil with and without additives has been carried out using an advanced rheometer AR 500. A correlation between pour-point depressing power and structure of the polymer has been established. The role of asphaltene content in the crude oil has been highlighted in connection with performance of PPD. The proposed correlation has been supported by optical microscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Based Designing of Wax Crystal Growth Inhibitors

2008

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“…Consideration of CCN values is vital for the effective selection of chemical wax inhibiting agents. Wax inhibitors are chemical additives which hinder the growth and/or agglomeration of paraffin crystals via co-crystallization and/or surface adsorption, and are highly effective in reducing pour point temperatures , and deposition rates . Inhibiting agents are generally tailored to specific wax deposit molecular weight distributions rather than bulk fluid compositions, and should target paraffin components with carbon numbers above the CCN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk Stabilization in Wax Deposition Systems

Paso

Fogler

2004

Energy Fuels

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Managing paraffin deposition in crude oil transport pipelines comprises a significant operating expense for petroleum producers. Incipient wax−oil gel deposits age with time via a counter-diffusion mechanism where there exists a critical carbon number (CCN); wax molecules with carbon numbers greater than the CCN diffuse from the bulk fluid into the gel, and vice versa. Paraffin deposit samples were obtained from a real crude oil using a coldfinger wax deposition device and were analyzed by gas chromatography. Comparison of bulk oil and deposit compositions demonstrates that crystallization of n-paraffin components occurs at lower carbon numbers than analogous non-n-paraffin hydrocarbon components. A new concept is introduced of using the depletion of paraffin components from the bulk solution to delineate aging and incipient gelation phenomena. Depletion is defined as the normalized decrease in mass fraction of a paraffin component in the bulk fluid during deposition. Deposition performed using model fluids demonstrates that depletion is dependent upon the bulk fluid temperature. When the bulk fluid temperature is maintained lower than the cloud point, the highest molecular weight components form stable crystals in the bulk fluid, effectively sequestering the components from the liquid phase and reducing molecular diffusion into the gel deposit. At sufficiently low bulk fluid temperature conditions, an “upper CCN” value establishes an upper bound to the molecular weight range of paraffin components which contribute to the aging process. An analysis of a field deposit confirms the aging behavior of paraffin deposits observed on the coldfinger, and indicates that CCN values are in the mid 20's at field conditions.

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“…The presence of chemical additives enhances crude oil flowability, reduces the pour point, and reduces the agglomeration of wax crystals. 11,18 However, the current use of industrial synthetic chemical additives such as poly-(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) and triethanolamine (TEA) possess toxicity problems when exposed to the environment. This issue has necessitated the search for alternative, cheaper, and natural chemical inhibitors to tackle the wax deposition problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crude Palm Oil and Crude Palm Kernel Oil Upon Wax Inhibition

2020

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The ever-increasing demand for the finite source of oil has led oil production companies to produce and transport the produced crude oil as efficiently and economically as possible. One of the major concerns especially in waters like the South China Sea is the deposition of wax on the walls of the pipeline or wellbore, constricting and hindering the hydrocarbon flow. This is due to the low seabed temperatures, which can be below the wax appearance temperature (WAT), leading to the deposition of wax out of waxy crude oil through the molecular dispersion mechanism. Currently, many prevention and remedy methods are in place to overcome the problem, but most of the additives possess environmental threat, as most of the chemical solutions used are toxic, nonorganic, and costly. Hence, this paper aims to provide some insights into the effect of palm oil derivatives such as crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) on wax inhibition. The effect of aging time (i.e., immersion time) was also evaluated. A comparison was made between paraffin inhibition efficiency results (PIE %) obtained by CPO, CPKO, poly(ethylene- co -vinyl acetate) (EVA), and triethanolamine (TEA). It was observed that the average efficiency of 81.67% was obtained when 1% CPO was added to heavy crude oil. The wax inhibition performance reached a plateau after 1.5 h of aging time for all of the investigated samples.

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Studying the Mechanisms of Crude Oil Pour Point and Viscosity Reductions When Developing Chemical Additives With the Use of Advanced Analytical Tools

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Performance-Based Designing of Wax Crystal Growth Inhibitors

Performance-Based Designing of Wax Crystal Growth Inhibitors

Bulk Stabilization in Wax Deposition Systems

Effects of Crude Palm Oil and Crude Palm Kernel Oil Upon Wax Inhibition

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