This paper examined whether angling catch behaviors, angler characteristics, and angler evaluations could explain the decisions by anglers to harvest caught fish. Particularly, we determined if the propensity of tourist anglers to harvest caught walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), northern pike (Esox lucius), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus Dolomieui) was related to variables that measured catch rates, angling effort, catch rates for substitute fish species, motivational item importance, and/or social group variables. The results showed that catch rates and angling effort were essential for explaining anglers' decisions to harvest caught fish. Although explaining much less of the variation in the harvest behavior among anglers, the results also showed that standard concepts of human dimensions research such as substitution, motivation, and social groups were statistically related to the decisions of harvesting caught fish by anglers.We would like to thank Rob MacKereth of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Bonita McFarlane of the Canadian Forest Service along with two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and reviews of previous manuscripts. We also thank the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources for funding the research project. Data from creel surveys or angler creel diaries afford researchers a unique opportunity to test hypotheses related to concepts in recreation research. Whereas most recreation research focuses on testing such hypotheses from research approaches based on stated preferences and choices and/or behavioral antecedents including beliefs and attitudes, the validation of such hypotheses with empirical data is typically lacking. By linking social and economic research questions to actual catch and harvest data reported by anglers in creel surveys or creel diaries, researchers may empirically test the relationship between the actual harvesting behavior by anglers and the various hypotheses formulated in recreation research. Especially in the context of consumptive recreation behavior, any new insights that might contribute towards the sustainable use of natural resources are of utmost importance to resource managers.This study was designed to understand the fish harvesting behavior of anglers as reported in creel diaries. In particular, we attempted to determine the salient factors associated with harvesting decisions for three species of fish-i.e., walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), northern pike (Esox lucius), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus Dolomieui)-by anglers who visited a tourism fishing establishment in northern Ontario.The decision of an angler to harvest caught fish may depend on many factors, including angling catch rates and angling effort, motivating factors, and social normative pressures. These factors do not exhaust all potential influences that may explain the decision of anglers to harvest caught fish. Rather, these factors afford us an opportunity to demonstrate how researchers can employ angler diary information to understand some reasons why anglers harvest fi...