Stunted pigs from sows fed crude aflatoxins

Cardeilhac, P. T.; Schroeder, E.; Perdomo, J.T.; Combs, G. E.; Edds, G. T.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(70)90212-7

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Infection frequently results in contamination of the host with aflatoxins, both through ramification of hyphae in host tissue, and production of immense numbers of aflatoxincontaining conidia (Mehl and Cotty, 2010). Chronic exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of aflatoxins, through consumption of contaminated food or feed, may result in immune suppression (Jiang et al, 2005;Owaga et al, 2011), stunting (Cardeilhac et al, 1970;Gong et al, 2004), and/or hepatocellular carcinomas (Henry et al, 1999;Liu and Wu, 2010). Acute poisoning can cause severe liver damage followed by rapid death (Krishnamachari et al, 1975;CDC, 2004;Kamala et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of S-morphology Aflatoxin Producers From the United States Reveals Previously Unknown Diversity and Two New Taxa

et al. 2020

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Aflatoxins are highly toxic carcinogens that detrimentally influence profitability of agriculture and the health of humans and domestic animals. Several phylogenetically distinct fungi within Aspergillus section Flavi have S-morphology (average sclerotial size < 400 µm), and consistently produce high concentrations of aflatoxins in crops. S-morphology fungi have been implicated as important etiologic agents of aflatoxin contamination in the United States (US), but little is known about the diversity of these fungi. The current study characterized S-morphology fungi (n = 494) collected between 2002 and 2017, from soil and maize samples, in US regions where aflatoxin contamination is a perennial problem. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the calmodulin (1.9 kb) and nitrate reductase (2.1 kb) genes resolved S-morphology isolates from the US into four distinct clades: (1) Aspergillus flavus S-morphotype (89.7%); (2) Aspergillus agricola sp. nov. (2.4%); (3) Aspergillus texensis (2.2%); and (4) Aspergillus toxicus sp. nov. (5.7%). All four S-morphology species produced high concentrations of aflatoxins in maize at 25, 30, and 35 • C, but only the A. flavus S-morphotype produced unacceptable aflatoxin concentrations at 40 • C. Genetic typing of A. flavus S isolates using 17 simple sequence repeat markers revealed high genetic diversity, with 202 haplotypes from 443 isolates. Knowledge of the occurrence of distinct species and haplotypes of S-morphology fungi that are highly aflatoxigenic under a range of environmental conditions may provide insights into the etiology, epidemiology, and management of aflatoxin contamination in North America.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Analysis of S-morphology Aflatoxin Producers From the United States Reveals Previously Unknown Diversity and Two New Taxa

et al. 2020

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“…Collectively, these compounds are known to cause liver cancer and potentially death (Castegnaro and McGregor, 1998; IARC, 2002). Additionally, chronic exposure to aflatoxin in both humans and livestock can lead to impaired growth and other adverse health effects (Cardeilhac et al, 1970; Lamplugh et al, 1988; Gong et al, 2008). Because of these factors, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued limits on the amount of aflatoxin that can be present in corn: less than 20 ng g −1 for that used in human food and less than 300 ng g −1 for certain livestock feed (US FDA, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Registration of Maize Germplasm Lines Tx736, Tx739, and Tx740 for Reducing Preharvest Aflatoxin Accumulation

Mayfield

Betrán

Isakeit

et al. 2012

J of Plant Registrations

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Maize (Zea mays L.) production in Texas, the southern United States, and much of the developing world is constrained by preharvest contamination from aflatoxins—potent mycotoxins produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. When consumed, aflatoxin can lead to impaired growth, liver cancer, or death of both humans and livestock. Because of these effects, the presence of this mycotoxin is tightly regulated in the U.S. food supply. No complete resistance to A. flavus or aflatoxin is known to exist in maize; however, multiple quantitative traits and some sources of resistance have been identified. We propose the release of three maize lines that demonstrate reduced preharvest aflatoxin accumulation. Tx736 (Reg. No. GP‐578, PI 662937) is a germplasm line derived from modified pedigree selection of a cross between Tx772, a line with reduced aflatoxin accumulation, and T246, a temperate line with good yield and Texas adaptation, backcrossed to Tx772 once. Lines Tx739 (Reg. No. GP‐579, PI 662938) and Tx740 (Reg. No. GP‐580, PI 662939) were selected by pedigree methods from S3 plants selfed out of heterotic groups A, C, and E from Agricomseeds (Santa Cruz, Bolivia). These three lines were field tested as lines per se and as testcross hybrids with introduced inoculation in multienvironmental field trials. In trials, these lines and hybrids had between 30 and 73% lower aflatoxin content than commercial checks. These germplasm lines will serve as unique sources for novel traits and alleles that reduce aflatoxin in elite temperate and subtropical maize.

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Aflatoxin residues in food and feed derived from plant and animal sources

Armbrecht¹

1972

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

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Stunted pigs from sows fed crude aflatoxins

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular Analysis of S-morphology Aflatoxin Producers From the United States Reveals Previously Unknown Diversity and Two New Taxa

Molecular Analysis of S-morphology Aflatoxin Producers From the United States Reveals Previously Unknown Diversity and Two New Taxa

Registration of Maize Germplasm Lines Tx736, Tx739, and Tx740 for Reducing Preharvest Aflatoxin Accumulation

Aflatoxin residues in food and feed derived from plant and animal sources

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