Styrene–butadiene rubber pyrolysis: Products, kinetics, modelling

Grieco, Enrico Maria; Bernardi, Milena; Baldi, Giancarlo

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2008.05.004

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The most basic functions of tread rubber are wear resistance and skid resistance, while the inner liner needs to be airtight to store compressed gas in order to ensure normal tire operation. Therefore, the different functions of tire components determine the differences between the formulas of the various materials, which also determine the different pyrolysis behaviors [ 37 , 38 ]. This tire was chosen because tires with silica as the main filler are representative, it is viewed as a green tire and it is widely used all over the world.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

2021

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Spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCC catalysts) produced by the petrochemical industry are considered to be environmentally hazardous waste, and precious metals and heavy metals deposited on the surface make them difficult to treat. Even so, these catalysts retain some of their activity. The pyrolysis of waste tires is considered to be one of the most effective ways to solve the fossil fuel resource crisis, and this study attempts to catalyze the pyrolysis of waste tires using spent catalysts to increase the value of both types of waste. FCC catalysts reduced the activation energy (E) of waste tire pyrolysis. When the catalyst dosage was 30 wt.%, the E of tread rubber decreased from 238.87 kJ/mol to 181.24 kJ/mol, which was a 19.94% reduction. The E of the inner liner decreased from 288.03 kJ/mol to 209.12 kJ/mol, a 27.4% reduction. The spent catalyst was more effective in reducing the E and solid yield of the inner liner made of synthetic rubber. It should be emphasized that an appropriate increase in the heating rate can fully exert the selectivity of the catalyst. The catalyst could also be effectively used twice, and the optimum ratio of catalyst/waste tires was about 1/4.5. Compared with specially prepared catalysts, it is more cost-effective to use such wastes as a catalyst for waste tire pyrolysis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

2021

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“…Proximate and elemental analyses (performed using a LECO TGA 701 analyzer and LECO CHNS 923 analyzer, respectively) and the determination of the gross calorific value (GCV) of the GST particles (performed using a GCV IKAWEEME C4000 automatic bomb calorimeter) were undertaken using a representative sample frozen in liquid nitrogen before grinding. Table 1 shows the raw GST used has a composition similar to that reported in the literature [24,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Characterization Of Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distillation of granulated scrap tires in a pilot plant

López

Centeno

Alguacil

et al. 2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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This paper reports the pyrolytic treatment of granulated scrap tires (GST) in a pilot distillation unit at moderate temperature (550°C) and atmospheric pressure, to produce oil, char and gas products. Tire-derived oil is a complex mixture of organic C(5)-C(24) compounds, including a very large proportion of aromatic compounds. This oil has a high gross calorific value (∼ 43 MJ kg(-1)) and N and S contents of 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively, falling within the specifications of certain heating fuels. The distillation gas is composed of hydrocarbons; methane and n-butane are the most abundant, investing the distillation gas with a very high gross calorific value (∼ 68 MJ Nm(-3)). This gas is transformed into electric power by a co-generation turbine. The distillation char is mostly made of carbon but with significant inorganic impurities (∼ 12 wt%). The quality of the solid residue of the process is comparable to that of some commercial chars. The quantity of residual solids, and the qualities of the gas, liquid and solid fractions, are similar to those obtained by conventional pyrolytic treatments of waste tires. However, the simplicity of the proposed technology and its low investment costs make it a very attractive alternative.

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“… ETICS parameters description: A, EPS ETICS parameters B, EPS ETICS specimen [Colour figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com] Note: For SBR: ρ is 1063 kg/m 3 ; c is 1.89 kJ•kg −1 K −1 ; heat of combustion is 34.5 MJ/kg; for EPS: heat of combustion is 42.5 MJ/kg; heat of melting is 188 to 235 kJ/mol; the polymer beads collapse at approximately 110 to 120°C; complete volatilization occurs in the temperature range 460 to 500°C; the heat of degradation of expanded polystyrene has been estimated to be at the order of 912 J •g −1 . [Colour figure can be viewed at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical prediction of mass loss rate of expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in cone calorimeter

et al. 2017

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Summary External thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) consisting of insulation core and decorative surface materials are quite common in new construction and refurbishment buildings. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) ETICS are widely used. EPS ETICS consist of 3 distinct layers of varying composition and physical structure. The mass loss rate (MLR) and heat release rate play an important role in the evaluation of material reaction‐to‐fire performance. In the study described in this paper, 2 different numerical simulation tools, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS 6.5) and ThermaKin2D, were investigated with respect to their capability to predict the MLR of EPS ETICS products exposed to different fire conditions. The materials were characterised in order to provide suitable input parameters for the models. With accurate input parameters, the mean error between the predicted curve and the experimental MLR curve was calculated as approximately 16% for heat fluxes 30 and 50 kW/m2. The discrepancies between predicted and measured results are ascribed to the flame flux, which is not well modelled. It is found that the flame flux accounts for 15% of external heat flux in FDS 6.5 and for 18.0% of external heat flux in ThermaKin2D.

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Styrene–butadiene rubber pyrolysis: Products, kinetics, modelling

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

A “Wastes-Treat-Wastes” Technology: Role and Potential of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts Assisted Pyrolysis of Discarded Car Tires

Distillation of granulated scrap tires in a pilot plant

Numerical prediction of mass loss rate of expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) in cone calorimeter

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