Styrene-co-butyl acrylate copolymers with potential application as membranes in PEM fuel cell

Francisco-Vieira, L.; Benavides, R.; Cuara, Edgar; Morales-Acosta, D.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.181

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The relative characteristic MRI manifestation of ABE is a symmetrical short T1 signal in the globus pallidus, but it also occurs in premature infants and neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, which results in a relatively high incidence of false positives results in the diagnosis of ABE using conventional MRI [ 8 , 9 ]. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) can quantitatively analyze the metabolism and biochemical changes of living tissues noninvasively, reflecting pathophysiological changes in brain lesions at the neurophysiological and molecular levels, which provides rich biochemical and metabolic information for clinical purposes [ 10 – 12 ]. This study explores the correlation between TSB levels in newborns with neonatal jaundice and 1H-MRS metabolic indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis of TSB Level and Globus Pallidus-Related Metabolite Indexes of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Objective. To investigate the correlation between serum total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels and globus pallidus-related metabolic indexes of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the newborn with neonatal jaundice. Methods. 50 children with neonatal jaundice admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were recruited and assigned to a mild condition group (TSB < 221 μmol/L, n = 16), a moderate condition group (221 μmol/L ≤ TSB < 3 42 μmol/L, n = 18), and a severe condition group (342 μmol/L ≤ TSB < 428 μmol/L, n = 16) based on peak TSB. The differences in globus pallidus-related metabolic indexes of 1H-MRS between the groups were compared and their correlation with TSB levels was analyzed. Results. The three groups had comparable N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, lactic acid (Lac)/Cr, and ml/Cr levels ( P > 0.05 ), while there were statistical differences in glutamine (Glx)/Cr levels ( P < 0.05 ). The severe condition group showed the highest levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin (cTnl), followed by the moderate group, and then the mild group ( P < 0.05 ). The TSB level is positively correlated with the 1H-MRS metabolic index Glx/Cr. Conclusions. The serum TSB level is correlated with the 1H-MRS metabolic index Glx/Cr in the newborn with neonatal jaundice, and the levels of TSB and Glx/Cr provide a reference for the diagnosis of bilirubin encephalopathy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Analysis of TSB Level and Globus Pallidus-Related Metabolite Indexes of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…The resultant membrane in higher resistance reduces the conductivity 57 . Generally, greater in IEC leads to higher proton conductivity of the membrane reported by Francisco‐Vieira et al 58 Nafion 117 membrane has lower IEC than the observed IEC of the copolymer grafted membranes, but conductivity obtained was lower than Nafion 117 membrane (9.5 × 10 −3 S cm −1 ). These result reveals, the chemical backbone of the aromatic polymer, which has a compact structure that lowered the mobility of protons through the membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Proton conducting membrane based on multifunctional interconnected copolymer containing 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane‐aminoethyl piperazine with sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane for fuel cell application

Karunanithi

Pegu

Balaguru

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The facile fabrication of proton exchange membrane (PEM) by intermixing of aminoethylpiperazine monomer (AEP), diamino diphenylmethane (DDM) monomer, and AEP combine with varying compositions of DDM (2, 4, and 6 wt%) copolymer with sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES) and polyamide‐imide (PAI) polymer matrix for fuel cell applications. The intermixing of AEP@DDM copolymer in the SPES/PAI matrix was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) techniques. The physicochemical performance of fabricated PEM was analyzed by water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), swelling ratio, thermal degradation, hydrolytic degradation, chemical and mechanical properties. The intermixing copolymer (AEP@DDM) has significantly suppressed the thermal and hydrolytic deterioration of the PEM. Furthermore, the PAI had noteworthy to improve the thermal and chemical stability of the membranes significantly. The proton conductivity of the SPES/PAI/AEP@DDM (6%) membrane was found to be 5.68 × 10−4 S cm−1 which is 104% higher than the pristine SPES membrane. Besides, the selectivity of SPES/PAI/DDM (6%) was also enhanced up to 80.34% compared to pristine SPES membrane. The inclusion of AEP@DDM in SPES/PAI enhanced the proton conductivity and contributed to the membrane structure's uniformity, as revealed from morphological studies. The AEP@DDM copolymer modification of SPES/PAI membrane has shown good stability, physicochemical property and can be considered as a promising membrane material for fuel cell application.

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“…These results confirm the polymerization of BA and MMA monomers during latex formation. The absorption bands from the aromatic C‐H stretching at 3025 cm −1 , C=C band of the benzene ring at 1450 cm −1 and the C‐H bending corresponding to the phenyl group at 700 and 750 cm −1 indicate the presence of PSt in the LIPN …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absorption bands from the aromatic C-H stretching at 3025 cm −1 , C=C band of the benzene ring at 1450 cm −1 and the C-H bending corresponding to the phenyl group at 700 and 750 cm −1 indicate the presence of PSt in the LIPN. [30][31][32] In the spectrum of MMt, the peaks at 3620 cm −1 and 1620 cm −1 correspond to the -OH stretching of the silicate layers and H-O-H bending vibrations, respectively. The strong peak at 1020 cm −1 is related to the Si-O stretching vibration of the silicate layer too.…”

Section: Ftir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and dynamic‐mechanical properties of styrene‐acrylate/nanoclay interpenetrating polymer network

2019

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Waterborne styrene/acrylate latex interpenetrating polymer network (LIPN) with core‐shell structure was synthesized via a three‐stage emulsion polymerization method. A natural montmorillonite (MMt) and an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMt) were used to see their effect on the morphology and damping properties of polymer‐clay nanocomposite LIPN. The samples were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The appearance of a single peak in the particle size distribution curve and nearly monodisperse latex particles observed in the SEM images indicated that all LIPN particles were of nanoscale size, without evidence for new nucleation occurrence. TEM images demonstrated that latex particles had clearly core‐shell structures. It also showed that most of the OMMt clay platelets were encapsulated in the polymer latex particles. According to the tan δ‐temperature curve, addition of 0.5 wt% OMMt to the core layer improved the damping properties of the LIPN, while MMt could not affect the damping curve significantly. The results indicated that the diffusion of polymer chains into the OMMt clay galleries has increased the internal friction and so improved the damping properties.

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Styrene-co-butyl acrylate copolymers with potential application as membranes in PEM fuel cell

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Correlation Analysis of TSB Level and Globus Pallidus-Related Metabolite Indexes of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice

Correlation Analysis of TSB Level and Globus Pallidus-Related Metabolite Indexes of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice

Proton conducting membrane based on multifunctional interconnected copolymer containing 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane‐aminoethyl piperazine with sulfonated polyethersulfone membrane for fuel cell application

Synthesis, characterization, and dynamic‐mechanical properties of styrene‐acrylate/nanoclay interpenetrating polymer network

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