Su casa, su deuda. La política de vivienda chilena entre la financiarización, la subsidiariedad y la integración social

Abstract

En este artículo se explora la financiarización inmobiliaria chilena desde la conformación del Estado subsidiario, la elaboración programática de las políticas de vivienda y el papel protagónico que ha asumido el endeudamiento como mecanismo y como posibilidad de distinción social. Para esto se hizo una revisión general sobre las transformaciones generales del capitalismo, con el fin de posicionar lo financiero. En este marco, la vivienda ha jugado un rol clave tanto como activo o como forma susceptible de absorción de excedentes. A partir de lo último, se analizan estadísticas generales a nivel bancario y subsidiario en materia de vivienda y se focaliza en el análisis documental de los textos que dan soporte jurídico y dirección programática a estos y a la actual Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano. Desde este punto se discute el instrumento subsidio, las relaciones que articula con el endeudamiento y se critica el actual paradigma de integración social. Se cierra realizando una lectura sobre el neoliberalismo chileno, el cual, por lo menos en su faceta espacial y de vivienda, depende de mecanismos de viabilidad institucional para su sobrevivencia.

Focusing on Actors, Scaling-Up, and Networks to Understand Co-Production Practices: Reporting From Berlin and Santiago

“…In this way, although the production of social housing over the last four decades has been marked by an evolving subsidiary scheme, it has not introduced structural change in its real estate system (del Romero, 2018), which has contributed to the formation of socially segregated urban areas with few opportunities for integration to rest of the city. Although this aspect has been widely studied and questioned (e.g., Aravena et al, 2005;Fuster-Farfán, 2019;Hidalgo Dattwyler et al, 2022;Pincheira Hill, 2014), it is not the focus of this article. However, this situation creates a context in which a series of social movements arise demanding not only access to better housing but also better locations as part of a generalised claim based on the right to decent housing and cities.…”

Housing and choice in Iquique and Alto Hospicio, Chile: Possibilities and limitations regarding the 2030 agenda and SDG 11

“…To a certain extent, state contributions that promote housing ownership grow every year and are expected to be expanded into the so-called emerging middle sectors, the nomenclature used by the state to refer to socioeconomic groups at the bottom of the broad spectrum of the middle class with limited savings of their own, which are unattractive to the mortgage market (Hidalgo et al, 2022). The increase in the amounts allocated for the purchase of housing means a higher unit price and, therefore, a higher mortgage to compensate for the savings.…”

Wooden Houses: The Need of Compliance with Integrated Technical Criteria to Decrease Risk in Relation to the Climate Change

“…Wood is the most used material to meet housing requirements for different socioeconomic levels [1,2], no only meeting the requirements in emergencies, but also in being the "future sustainable solution in high-rise buildings in the world" due to a sustainability technically well-documented [3,4,5,6]. It is also the most accessible solution in rural areas given the wood availability, and the lack of access to state subsidies.…”

“…What has been happening for decades, since in Chile the demand exceeds by far the housing supply, is a housing deficit higher than 650.000 homes, and to stop this deficit from increasing, 100.000 houses need to be fabricated annually [8], for that reason the self-build is becoming more common [2,7,9], or the acquisition of houses in alternatives housing markets with a large supply of building types, qualities, deadlines, from construction kits, to turn-key complete installation services. As providers, there are consolidated architectural offices, and/or construction companies, complying with technical criteria established until the final work reception.…”