2002
DOI: 10.1038/nature00787
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Sub-laser-cycle electron pulses for probing molecular dynamics

Abstract: Experience shows that the ability to make measurements in any new time regime opens new areas of science. Currently, experimental probes for the attosecond time regime (10(-18) 10(-15) s) are being established. The leading approach is the generation of attosecond optical pulses by ionizing atoms with intense laser pulses. This nonlinear process leads to the production of high harmonics during collisions between electrons and the ionized atoms. The underlying mechanism implies control of energetic electrons wit… Show more

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Cited by 638 publications
(534 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
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“…This model explains the nonsequential double ionization of helium atoms in the intense laser field, quantitatively. Making use of the same model, Tong et al [9,10] studied the rescattering induced double ionization and dissociation of H 2 and D 2 molecules, and their results are also in good agreement with the experiments [3,[11][12][13].…”
supporting
confidence: 63%
“…This model explains the nonsequential double ionization of helium atoms in the intense laser field, quantitatively. Making use of the same model, Tong et al [9,10] studied the rescattering induced double ionization and dissociation of H 2 and D 2 molecules, and their results are also in good agreement with the experiments [3,[11][12][13].…”
supporting
confidence: 63%
“…In the past decade, new techniques have emerged that offer attosecond temporal resolution (1 as = 10 -18 s). [1,2] They extend time-resolved chemistry from the atomic to the electronic time scale and provide the opportunity to study unexplored phenomena in the time domain.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This phenomenon, 'laser-induced recollision', enables new measurement techniques: photorecombination leads to attosecond pulse production [9] whereas elastic and inelastic electron rescattering offer new approaches to diffraction imaging. [2,10,11] In typical experiments, the electron has acquired up to 100 eV of kinetic energy during its transit in the continuum and can release it in the form of an attosecond pulse. Since the emission takes place around each zero-crossing of the field, the described mechanism generates a train of attosecond pulses separated by half the period of the generating laser field.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The development of ''fourth generation'' synchrotron light sources beckons the measurement of molecular structures via the diffraction of short (<100 fs) x-ray light pulses [15]. Complementary techniques include electron diffraction [16] laser-induced electron diffraction [17], high harmonic generation [18] and tomographic imaging [19], and multidimensional femtosecond coincidence spectroscopy [20]. These techniques, when combined with field-free 3D molecular axis alignment, will yield much more detailed information about molecular structure and dynamics.…”
Section: Fig 2 (Color Online)mentioning
confidence: 99%