Sub-lethal concentrations of the harmful diatoms, Chaetoceros concavicornis and C. convolutus, increase mortality rates of penned Pacific salmon

Albright, L. J.; Yang, C. Z.; Johnson, Sarah A.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90321-o

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…One cosmopolitan diatom, Chaetoceros (subgenus Phaeoceros including Ch. convoltus), has long been implicated in Salish Sea wild and farmed fish kills even at very low, non-bloom concentrations (Bell, 1961;Albright et al, 1993;Rensel, 1993). These species form long chains and have spiny setae that lodge in the gills of salmon, causing excessive gill mucus production, and cellular damage that leads to blood hypoxia and subsequent mortality.…”

Section: Sublethal Effects and Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo

Rensel¹,

Haigh²,

Tynan

2010

Harmful Algae

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Section: Sublethal Effects and Diseasementioning

confidence: 97%

Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo

Rensel¹,

Haigh²,

Tynan

2010

Harmful Algae

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“…Some Chaetoceros species are harmful to aquaculture industries, e.g. mortalities in caged salmon due to C. concavicornis and C. convolutus blooms (Albright et al 1993), and blooms of C. socialis often cause short-term depletion of nutrients that damage seaweed laver Porphyra yezoensis culture due to discoloration of thalli (S. Oda unpubl. data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of a new single-stranded DNA virus infecting the cosmopolitan marine diatom Chaetoceros debilis

Tomaru¹,

Shirai²,

Suzuki³

et al. 2008

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) is the dominant diatom in the world's oceans. Various physical, chemical and biological factors affect depletion of diatom populations, for which the importance of viruses as a potential mortality source has only recently been found. We isolated and characterized a new Chaetoceros-infecting virus causing the lysis of the cosmopolitan species C. debilis Cleve. The virus infectious for C. debilis was isolated from both water and sediment samples collected in western Japan. We show the physiologic, morphologic and genomic characteristics of one virus clone among many isolates. We first described the C. debilis DNA virus (Cdeb-DNAV), a 30 nm icosahedral virus accumulating in the cytoplasm of C. debilis. Host specificity of CdebDNAV is strain-specific and its infectivity is stably maintained through a wide temperature range (between 20 and -196°C). The latent period and the burst size were estimated to be 12 to 24 h and 55 infectious units per host cell, respectively. CdebDNAV harbors a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome whose structure is unknown. Sequence comparisons showed that the partial sequence of CdebDNAV is highly similar (E value = 10 -56 ) to the putative replicase gene of the C. salsugineum nuclear inclusion virus (CsNIV) that harbors a covalently closed circular, partially doublestranded ssDNA genome. This discovery of CdebDNAV may aid in further understanding the ecological dynamics of C. debilis population blooms in nature.KEY WORDS: Diatom · Virus · Chaetoceros · DNA · Viral ecology Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…There are also a small number of species that have negative impacts on fisheries. For example, some species of the genus Chaetoceros (e.g., C. convolutus and C. concavicornis) are most clearly demonstrated to cause finfish and crab mortality, and their damage is considered caused by mechanical irritation of gill tissue (1,2,8); blooms of C. pseudocurvisetum and C. sociale often cause short-term depletion of nutrients that damage seaweed laver (Porphyra yezoensis) cultures due to discoloration of the thalli, especially in the Ariake Sea of Japan (S. Oda, unpublished data). Hence, the genus Chaetoceros plays significant roles from both the viewpoint of the marine ecosystem and the diatom's effects on fisheries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Previously Unknown Virus Infects Marine Diatom

Nagasaki

Tomaru

Takao

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

109

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Diatoms are a major phytoplankton group that play important roles in maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere and sustaining the primary nutritional production of the aquatic environment. Among diatoms, the genus Chaetoceros is one of the most abundant and widespread. Temperature, climate, salinity, nutrients, and predators were regarded as important factors controlling the abundance and population dynamics of diatoms. Here we show that a viral infection can occur in the genus Chaetoceros and should therefore be considered as a potential mortality source. Chaetoceros salsugineum nuclear inclusion virus (CsNIV) is a 38-nm icosahedral virus that replicates within the nucleus of C. salsugineum. The latent period was estimated to be between 12 and 24 h, with a burst size of 325 infectious units per host cell. CsNIV has a genome structure unlike that of other viruses that have been described. It consists of a single molecule of covalently closed circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA; 6,005 nucleotides), as well as a segment of linear ssDNA (997 nucleotides). The linear segment is complementary to a portion of the closed circle creating a partially double-stranded genome. Sequence analysis reveals a low but significant similarity to the replicase of circoviruses that have a covalently closed circular ssDNA genome. This new host-virus system will be useful for investigating the ecological relationships between bloom-forming diatoms and other viruses in the marine system. Our study supports the view that, given the diversity and abundance of plankton, the ocean is a treasury of undiscovered viruses.

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Sub-lethal concentrations of the harmful diatoms, Chaetoceros concavicornis and C. convolutus, increase mortality rates of penned Pacific salmon

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo

Fraser river sockeye salmon marine survival decline and harmful blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo

Isolation and characterization of a new single-stranded DNA virus infecting the cosmopolitan marine diatom Chaetoceros debilis

Previously Unknown Virus Infects Marine Diatom

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