Sub-ppb nitrogen dioxide detection with a large linear dynamic range by use of a differential photoacoustic cell and a 3.5 W blue multimode diode laser

Yin, Xukun; Dong, Lei; Wu, Hongpeng; Zheng, Hongfei; Ma, Weiguang; Zhang, Lei; Yin, Wen; Jia, Suotang; Tittel, Frank K.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2017.03.058

Cited by 113 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…All measurements were made with constant gas flow of 300 ml/min. In order for the trace gas analyser platform to be practical, having a small resolution bandwidth and high tunability is not sufficient, the sensor also needs high sensitivity in the range ppbV [20][21][22][23]. We find that the single shot noise equivalent detection sensitivity (NEDS) is 0.8 ±0.1 ppm.…”

Section: A the Mir Opomentioning

confidence: 95%

Versatile photoacoustic spectrometer based on a mid-infrared pulsed optical parametric oscillator

Lamard¹,

Balslev-Harder

Péremans³

et al. 2019

Appl. Opt.

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We demonstrate the usefulness of a nanosecond pulsed single-mode mid-infrared (MIR) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for Photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopic measurements. The maximum wavelength ranges for the signal and idler are 1.4 µm to 1.7 µm and 2.8 µm to 4.6 µm, respectively, and with a MIR output power of up to 500 mW. Making the OPO useful for different spectroscopic PA trace-gas measurements targeting the major market opportunity of environmental monitoring and breath gas analysis. We perform spectroscopic measurements of methane (CH4) nitrodioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) in the 2.8 µm to 3.7 µm wavelength region. The measurements were conducted with a constant flow rate of 300 ml/min, thus demonstrating the suitability of the gas sensor for real time trace gas measurements. The acquired spectra are compared with data from the Hitran database and good agreement is found. Demonstrating a resolution bandwidth of 1.5 cm 1 . An Allan deviation analysis shows that the detection limit for methane at optimum integration time for the PA sensor is 8 ppbV (nmol/mol) at 105 seconds of integration time, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 2.9×10 −7 W cm −1 Hz −1/2 .

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Section: A the Mir Opomentioning

confidence: 95%

Versatile photoacoustic spectrometer based on a mid-infrared pulsed optical parametric oscillator

Lamard¹,

Balslev-Harder

Péremans³

et al. 2019

Appl. Opt.

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“…4(a). The photoacoustic cell based on the well-known Helmholtz design [46][47][48] has two identical 90 mm cylindrical gas resonators with diameters of 8 mm. Two buffer chambers with lengths of 10 mm and diameters of 20 mm are placed at both ends of the gas resonators to create a total optical absorption length of 110 mm.…”

Section: Laser-embedded Pam Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, two electret condenser microphones are attached to the walls in the middle of each resonator to detect the acoustic pressure. Since only one of the two gas resonators is excited by the ICLED, the gas flow noise and external acoustic disturbances are effectively suppressed by using a differential preamplifier to subtract the signal from the two microphones [47]. The ICLED is mounted on a cooled aluminum radiation plate attached to a Peltier cooler, which is embedded into the PAM.…”

Section: Laser-embedded Pam Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact photoacoustic module for methane detection incorporating interband cascade light emitting device

et al. 2017

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A photoacoustic module (PAM) for methane detection was developed by combining a novel 3.2 μm interband cascade light emitting device (ICLED) with a compact differential photoacoustic cell. The ICLED with a 22-stage interband cascade active core emitted a collimated power of ~700 μW. A concave Al-coat reflector was positioned adjacent to the photoacoustic cell to enhance the gas absorption length. Assembly of the ICLED and reflector with the photoacoustic cell resulted in a robust and portable PAM without any moving parts. The PAM performance was evaluated in terms of operating pressure, sensitivity and linearity. A 1σ detection limit of 3.6 ppmv was achieved with a 1-s integration time.

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“…In 2015, J. Peltola et al reported their research on cantilever-enhanced PAS, with a detection limit of 50 ppt [17]. In 2017, X. Yin et al [18] and T. Rück et al [19] reported their work for ppt-level NO 2 detection by using a differential PA cell and a PA cell with Brewster windows, respectively, both of which have a small size, but their commercial instruments to process the PA signals are expensive and bulky. In 2019, J. Kapp et al reported their work on a ultraviolet light-emitting diode based photoacoustic sensor [20], which used their custom signal processing circuits, and the PA cell was carefully designed to reduce the background noises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Integrated Photoacoustic NO2 Sensor for Sub-ppb Level Measurement

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A fully integrated photoacoustic nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor is developed and demonstrated. In this sensor, an embedded photoacoustic cell was manufactured by using an up-to-date 3D printing technique. A blue laser diode was used as a light source for excitation of photoacoustic wave in the photoacoustic cell. The photoacoustic wave is detected by a sensitive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microphone. Homemade circuits are integrated into the sensor for laser diode driving and signal processing. The sensor was calibrated by using a chemiluminescence NO–NO2–NOX gas analyzer. And the performance of this sensor was evaluated. The linear relationship between photoacoustic signals and NO2 concentrations was verified in a range of below 202 ppb. The limit of detection was determined to 0.86 ppb with an integration time of 1 s. The corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption was 2.0 × 10−8 cm−1∙W∙Hz−1/2. The stability and the optimal integration time were evaluated with an Allan deviation analysis, from which a detection limit of 0.25 ppb at the optimal integration time of 240 s was obtained. The sensor was used to measure outdoor air and the results agree with that obtained from the NO–NO2–NOX gas analyzer. The low-cost and portable photoacoustic NO2 sensor has a potential application for atmospheric NO2 monitoring.

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Sub-ppb nitrogen dioxide detection with a large linear dynamic range by use of a differential photoacoustic cell and a 3.5 W blue multimode diode laser

Cited by 113 publications

References 43 publications

Versatile photoacoustic spectrometer based on a mid-infrared pulsed optical parametric oscillator

Versatile photoacoustic spectrometer based on a mid-infrared pulsed optical parametric oscillator

Compact photoacoustic module for methane detection incorporating interband cascade light emitting device

Fully Integrated Photoacoustic NO2 Sensor for Sub-ppb Level Measurement

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