Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia

Kidger, T.; Barnes, Thomas R. E.; Trauer, Tom; Taylor, Pamela J.

doi:10.1017/s0033291700047401

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Alternatively, orofacial and limb/truncal TD have been proposed as separate and perhaps pathophysiologically distinct clinical subsyndromes (Barnes and Kidger, 1979;Glazer et al, 1988;Gureje, 1989). Evidence favoring topographical subsyndromes has been derived in part from the results of multivariate statistical analysis (Kidger et al, 1980) and from observations of dierential responses to pharmacological interventions (Greil et al, 1985). In addition, and in agreement with the results of the present study, Barnes et al (1983) found that the severity of orofacial but not limb/truncal TD was positively associated with age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Tardive dyskinesia in a chronically institutionalized population of elderly schizophrenic patients: prevalence and association with cognitive impairment

Byne

White

Parella

et al. 1998

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Tardive dyskinesia in a chronically institutionalized population of elderly schizophrenic patients: prevalence and association with cognitive impairment

Byne

White

Parella

et al. 1998

Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry

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“…These cases are generally considered to be phenomenologically indistinguishable from tardive dyskinesia,I82021 and a similar pathophysiological basis has been suggested. 22 In this study we set out to investigate the nature and distribution of semi-purposeful and purposeless spontaneous movements in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, compared with those observed in a control population. 540 Method The first group of subjects consisted of 182 psychiatric patients, all of whom had been receiving antipsychotic medication for at least one year.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each set of three ratings a single "modal" score was derived according to a method previously described. 22 These modal scores, reflecting "duration" of movement, are used exclusively in the Results section.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of purposeless movements in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, and normal individuals.

Barnes¹,

Rossor²,

Trauer³

1983

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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SUMMARY Oro-facial dyskinesia and purposeless trunk and limb movements were assessed, using a standard videotape rating technique, in 182 psychiatric patients receiving antipsychotic medication, in a second sample of 43 elderly psychiatric patients also receiving antipsychotic drugs, and 85 normal, drug-naive subjects. In both the first patient sample and the group of normal subjects, oro-facial dyskinesia was more common over 50 years of age. Statistical analysis of the data suggested that drug-induced oro-facial dyskinesia has a characteristic pattern of movement distribution significantly different from that of idiopathic oro-facial dyskinesia. The videotapes of the first patient sample and the normal subjects were viewed by a neurologist who assessed and categorised all movements. Purposeless trunk and limb movements were classified as either normal or abnormal. Normal purposeless movements were significantly more common in the drug-naive subjects. The presence of abnormal movements such as choreiform movements, dystonias and stereotypies and mannerisms was limited, almost exclusively, to the patients.Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder induced by antipsychotic drugs. It is characterised by abnormal movements affecting the face, principally the tongue, lips and jaw, producing a typical picture referred to as the bucco-linguo-masticatory syndrome.' Choreiform movements of the limbs and axial hyperkinesias are usually included within the syndrome description. However, there are a number of problems inherent in trying to assess tardive dyskinesia quantitatively and qualitatively.23 The operational diagnostic criteria used between clinical research groups vary considerably and this complicates the interpretation of results. There are also discrepancies between the rating scales used, not only regarding the number and definition of movement categories included but also their relative importance, as indicated by the scoring systems. The precise nature and distribution of abnormal movements are seldom attended to by investigators. Rather, the individual dyskinetic phenomena tend to be obscured by the use of arbitrary global categones.Tardive dyskinesia is not specific to schizophrenic patients and has been reported in non-psychotic

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“…First, multifactorial analysis (Glazer et al 1988;Kidger et al 1980) suggests that an orofacial movement factor was separate from a limbtrunk movement factor. Secondly, differential response to drug treatment has been reported to the 2 types (Bobruff et al 1981;Gardos et al 1976).…”

Section: Tardive Dyskinesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls and Problems of the Long Term Use of Neuroleptic Drugs in Schizophrenia

Bristow

Hirsch

1993

Drug Safety

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Although acute and immediate extrapyramidal syndromes are common and, in the case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, may have serious sequelae, the most important problem with psychotropic medication in schizophrenia remains the tardive movement disorders. These are increasingly recognised as being aetiologically as well as symptomatically heterogeneous. Although risk factors are being identified with greater clarity, there is little in the way of effective treatment. This suggests that clinicians must embark on long term neuroleptic treatment with vigilance. Clozapine alone has few extrapyramidal effects, and has been described in isolated instances as improving established movement disorders. However, haematological idiosyncrasies will preclude its use in all where compliance is uncertain. Its superior efficacy will hopefully give impetus to research into safer analogues.

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Sub-syndromes of tardive dyskinesia

Cited by 75 publications

References 14 publications

Tardive dyskinesia in a chronically institutionalized population of elderly schizophrenic patients: prevalence and association with cognitive impairment

Tardive dyskinesia in a chronically institutionalized population of elderly schizophrenic patients: prevalence and association with cognitive impairment

A comparison of purposeless movements in psychiatric patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, and normal individuals.

Pitfalls and Problems of the Long Term Use of Neuroleptic Drugs in Schizophrenia

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