Subacute fatal aluminum encephalopathy after reconstructive otoneurosurgery: A case report

Comparison of antibacterial properties of commercial bone cements and fillers with a zinc-based glass polyalkenoate cement

“…However, translating GPCs from dental to orthopaedic applications highlights concerns relating to the composition of the material, in particular the presence of aluminium (Al) in the glass phase which can cause neurological [13,14] and bone metabolic defects [15]. The GPCs produced in this work have zinc ions (Zn 2+ ) substituting for Al ions (Al 3+ ) as numerous studies report on the antibacterial efficiency [12,[16][17][18] and positive bone metabolic effects of Zn [19,20].…”

TEM analysis of apatite surface layers observed on zinc based glass polyalkenoate cements

“…Primarily, they are formulated without the inclusion of aluminium (Al) [1] in the glass phase and thus eliminate clinical complications arising from the release of the Al 3+ ion from the cement in vivo. Such complications have, in the past, included aluminium induced encephalopathy [2][3][4][5] and defective mineralisation of cancellous bone [6]. Secondly, Zn-GPCs set without a significant evolution of heat, when compared with commercial bone cements such as Spineplex ® (Stryker, Limerick, Ireland).…”

Low levels of aluminum can lead to behavioral and morphological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease and age-related neurodegeneration

“…Other evidence of the neurotoxicity of relatively high levels of Al comes from various clinical reports. One such case resulting in a fatal outcome, implicated aluminumcontaining cements used in resection of an acoustic neuroma (Reusche et al, 2001).…”