Subaerial Debris-Flow Deposition in the Upper Paleozoic Cutler Formation, Western Colorado

Shultz, A.W.

doi:10.1306/212f84ef-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d

Cited by 62 publications

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“…Studies on modern and ancient alluvial fans have consistently observed trends of down‐fan thinning and fining of debris flows (e.g. Bull, 1972; Gloppen & Steel, 1981; Shultz, 1984). This trend is attributed to a decrease in plastic yield strength of debris flows as the slope angle decreases along the alluvial fan surface (Johnson, 1970).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smaller clast size, and the lack of large clasts in upper bed intervals suggests the inability of the matrix of these flows to support larger clast sizes. Therefore, these flows are interpreted to have had a relatively lower yield strength possibly due to a higher water content that lead to the absence of an upper rigid plug zone (Shultz, 1984). The normal grading that commonly develops in these types of flows is interpreted to be due to transient turbulence possibly during higher velocity stages of the flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive studies on modern alluvial fans show a consistent down‐fan thinning and fining of debris flow deposits and a change from clast‐rich to clast‐poor debris flows (Blair & McPherson, 1998; Bull, 1972; De Haas et al, 2019; Shultz, 1984; Whipple & Dunne, 1992). Clast‐rich debris flows have higher yield strengths and require steeper slopes to be mobile.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alluvial fan and fan delta facies architecture recording initial marine flooding in the Mio‐Pliocene syn‐rift sequence of the Fish Creek‐Vallecito Basin, southern California

2023

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The timing and character of the initial marine flooding of extensional basins has implications for their tectonic history. Yet, the recognition of such flooding is difficult along rift basin margins due to the dominance of coarse-grained systems and the lack of marine fauna. This study conducts detailed facies and stratigraphic analysis of a Mio-Pliocene alluvial fan and fan-delta succession in the Fish Creek Vallecito Basin in southern California. Our goal is to characterize the marine flooding surface, determine the paleogeographic position of the shoreline and estimate the magnitude of relative base-level rise that occurred during the marine incursion associated with the opening of the Gulf of California. Our results show that the flooding of the Elephant Trees alluvial fans is often marked by an abrupt lithologic and facies change from meter-scale boulder-rich subaerial debrites (proximal alluvial fan facies association) to centimetre-scale granulerich subaqueous debrites, ripple-laminated sandstones and mudstones (prodelta facies association). By delineating the zone of transition between the subaerial and subaqueous facies, we place the initial flooding paleo-shoreline 4 km up the alluvial fan's paleo-depositional slope. Considering alluvial fan slope gradients between 1° and 5°, this 4 km transgression would require an estimated 70-350 m of water depth during the initial marine incursion. Interfingering of fan-delta deposits with subaqueous marine and planktonic-rich evaporites suggests that the basin was below sea-level after, and perhaps even before, the marine flooding.Subaerial subsea-level basins exist in Death Valley and the Salton Trough today within similar extensional and transtentional tectonic regimes. This subaerial subsea-level interpretation might explain the high magnitude and abrupt relative base-level rise recorded by the facies transitions in the Fish Creek Vallecito Basin. These results suggest that the Fish Creek Vallecito Basin underwent significant extension during its early and nonmarine depositional phase, allowing it to reach subsea-level elevations. The tectonic history of the Fish Creek Vallecito Basin maybe similar to other extensional basins where rapid subsidence allows 1620 | EAGE

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alluvial fan and fan delta facies architecture recording initial marine flooding in the Mio‐Pliocene syn‐rift sequence of the Fish Creek‐Vallecito Basin, southern California

2023

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“…Blocky packages of these lithosomes are interpreted as fifth‐order lithosomes (Figure 5e), deposited during cycles of trench incision and lateral migration followed by widespread braided stream development on an alluvial fan (DeCelles et al., 1991; Hooke, 1967; Schumm et al., 1987). Rare facies Gmm is interpreted as deposits of pseudoplastic debris flows (Hooke, 1967; Shultz, 1984). LA3 and LA4 in the lower ∼200 m of this member likely reflect streams draining the prograding alluvial fan system.…”

Section: Stratigraphy Sedimentology and Structure Of The Manantiales ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Manantiales Basin, Southern Central Andes (∼32°S), Preserves a Record of Late Eocene–Miocene Episodic Growth of an East‐Vergent Orogenic Wedge

Ronemus,

Howlett,

DeCelles

et al. 2024

Tectonics

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The Manantiales basin contains >4 km of nonmarine sedimentary strata that accumulated at 31.75–32.5°S during construction of the High Andes. We report field and analytical data from the underexplored northern portion of this basin. The basin contains upper Eocene–middle Miocene strata that accumulated in back‐bulge or distal foredeep through inner‐wedge‐top depozones of the Andean foreland basin as it migrated through this region. A revised accumulation history for the basin‐filling Río de los Patos and Chinches Formations supports a regional pattern of flexure in front of an east‐vergent orogenic wedge. The former formation consists of eolian and localized fluviolacustrine deposits which accumulated between ca. 38 Ma and ≤34 Ma during thrust belt development in Chile. A subsequent ≤12 Myr hiatus may reflect passage of the flexural forebulge or cessation of subsidence during orogenic quiescence. The overlying Chinches Formation records a transition from the foredeep to wedge‐top depozones. Foredeep deposits of east‐flowing, meandering streams were incised prior to ca. 18 Ma, after which deposits of axial rivers, playas, and perennial lakes ponded in a depression behind orogenic topography to the east. After ca. 15 Ma, alluvial‐fan deposits were syndepositionally deformed adjacent to growing thrust‐belt structures along the western basin margin. Although the basin record supports a westward step in the locus of deformation during Early–Middle Miocene time, it conflicts with models involving west‐vergence of the orogenic wedge. Rather, this pattern can be explained as out‐of‐sequence deformation alternating with wedge forward propagation, consistent with Coulomb wedge models incorporating syntectonic sedimentation.

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“…The normal grading in clay-rich debris flows is attributed to differential gravitational settling of clasts within the flow (e.g. Fischer and Schminke, 1984), which is favored with the distance from the source area concomitant with a decrease in mean and maximum size of the clasts (Pierson, 1982;Shultz, 1984;Smith, 1986). However, Vallance and Scott (1997) established a new model of sedimentation in debris-flow deposits rich in large clasts, where the mechanism of deposition is accretionary rather than in mass.…”

Section: Depositional Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taphonomy and depositional environment of a Lower Cretaceous monospecific dinosaur bone assemblage (Puesto Quiroga Member, Lohan Cura Formation), Neuquén Province, Argentina

Garrido

Salgado

2015

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

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Subaerial Debris-Flow Deposition in the Upper Paleozoic Cutler Formation, Western Colorado

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Alluvial fan and fan delta facies architecture recording initial marine flooding in the Mio‐Pliocene syn‐rift sequence of the Fish Creek‐Vallecito Basin, southern California

Alluvial fan and fan delta facies architecture recording initial marine flooding in the Mio‐Pliocene syn‐rift sequence of the Fish Creek‐Vallecito Basin, southern California

The Manantiales Basin, Southern Central Andes (∼32°S), Preserves a Record of Late Eocene–Miocene Episodic Growth of an East‐Vergent Orogenic Wedge

Taphonomy and depositional environment of a Lower Cretaceous monospecific dinosaur bone assemblage (Puesto Quiroga Member, Lohan Cura Formation), Neuquén Province, Argentina

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