Subcellular Localization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Effector Proteins in Plants

Aung, Kyaw; Xin, Xiu-Fang; Mecey, Christy; He, Sheng Yang

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6649-3_12

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that the effector proteins from pathogenic bacteria are targeted to specific subcellular compartments in cells, where they alter the physiological properties of the cell and suppress innate immunity (Alfano and Collmer, 2004;Kay and Bonas, 2009;Choi et al, 2013;Aung et al, 2017). Thus, the spatiotemporal localization of the effectors is crucial for their function inside the host cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Pseudomonas syringae Effectors via Type III Secretion Using Split Fluorescent Protein Fragments

et al. 2017

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Pathogenic gram-negative bacteria cause serious diseases in animals and plants. These bacterial pathogens use the type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into host cells; these effectors then localize to different subcellular compartments to attenuate immune responses by altering biological processes of the host cells. The fluorescent protein (FP)-based approach to monitor effectors secreted from bacteria into the host cells is not possible because the folded FP prevents effector delivery through the T3SS. Therefore, we optimized an improved variant of self-assembling split super-folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP OPT ) system to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of effectors delivered through bacterial T3SS into plant cells. In this system, effectors are fused to 11th b-strand of super-folder GFP (sfGFP11), and when delivered into plant cells expressing sfGFP1-10 b-strand (sfGFP1-10 OPT ), the two proteins reconstitute GFP fluorescence. We generated a number of Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines expressing sfGFP1-10 OPT targeted to various subcellular compartments to facilitate localization of sfGFP11-tagged effectors delivered from bacteria. We demonstrate the efficacy of this system using Pseudomonas syringae effectors AvrB and AvrRps4 in Nicotiana benthamiana and transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The versatile split sfGFP OPT system described here will facilitate a better understanding of bacterial invasion strategies used to evade plant immune responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Pseudomonas syringae Effectors via Type III Secretion Using Split Fluorescent Protein Fragments

et al. 2017

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“…T3E protein localization is important for the function of T3Es [ 32 ]. As previously reported, XopN is localized at the plasma membrane (PM) [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of AopN, an Acidovorax Citrulli Effector that Induces Programmed Cell Death in Plants

Zhang

Zhao

Jiang

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by Acidovorax citrulli, seriously affects watermelon and other cucurbit crops, resulting in significant economic losses. However, the pathogenicity mechanism of A. citrulli is not well understood. Plant pathogenic bacteria often suppress the plant immune response by secreting effector proteins. Thus, identifying A. citrulli effector proteins and determining their functions may improve our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. In this study, a novel effector, AopN, which is localized on the cell membrane of Nicotiana benthamiana, was identified. The functional analysis revealed that AopN significantly inhibited the flg22-induced reactive oxygen species burst. AopN induced a programmed cell death (PCD) response. Unlike its homologous protein, the ability of AopN to induce PCD was dependent on two motifs of unknown functions (including DUP4129 and Cpta_toxin), but was not dependent on LXXLL domain. More importantly, the virulence of the aopN mutant of A. citrulli in N. benthamiana significantly decreased, indicating that it was a core effector. Further analysis revealed that AopN interacted with watermelon ClHIPP and ClLTP, which responds to A. citrulli strain Aac5 infection at the transcription level. Collectively, these findings indicate that AopN suppresses plant immunity and activates the effector-triggered immunity pathway.

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“…Gold particles were coated with plasmids that express YFP (which can move from transformed cells to adjacent cells through PD in Arabidopsis epidermal cells) and ERtrapped CFP (ER-CFP; which cannot move beyond transformed cells). Plasmid-coated particles were bombarded into leaves of wild-type Col-0, 35S-HopO1-1, and 35S-HopO1-1 DD transgenic plants following the protocol described previously (Thomas et al, 2008;Faulkner et al, 2013;Aung et al, 2017). Fluorescent signals were detected at ;20 h after bombardment using confocal microscopy.…”

Section: Hopo1-1 Alters Pd-mediated Cell-to-cell Molecular Traffickinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine PD-dependent molecular flux, a microprojectile bombardment approach combined with confocal imaging was adopted as previously described (Thomas et al, 2008;Faulkner et al, 2013;Aung et al, 2017). In short, 20 mg of 1.0-mm gold particles (Bio-Rad) was soaked in 70% (v/v) ethanol for 15 min and rinsed with 1 mL of sterile distilled water three times.…”

Section: Transient Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Bacteria Target Plant Plasmodesmata to Colonize and Invade Surrounding Tissues

Aung

Kim

et al. 2019

Plant Cell

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A hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to maintain physiological homeostasis by communicating among cells, tissues, and organs. In plants, intercellular communication is largely dependent on plasmodesmata (PD), which are membrane-lined channels connecting adjacent plant cells. Upon immune stimulation, plants close PD as part of their immune responses. Here, we show that the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae deploys an effector protein, HopO1-1, that modulates PD function. HopO1-1 is required for P. syringae to spread locally to neighboring tissues during infection. Expression of HopO1-1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) increases the distance of PD-dependent molecular flux between neighboring plant cells. Being a putative ribosyltransferase, the catalytic activity of HopO1-1 is required for regulation of PD. HopO1-1 physically interacts with and destabilizes the plant PD-located protein PDLP7 and possibly PDLP5. Both PDLPs are involved in bacterial immunity. Our findings reveal that a pathogenic bacterium utilizes an effector to manipulate PD-mediated host intercellular communication for maximizing the spread of bacterial infection.

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Subcellular Localization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Effector Proteins in Plants

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Pseudomonas syringae Effectors via Type III Secretion Using Split Fluorescent Protein Fragments

Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Pseudomonas syringae Effectors via Type III Secretion Using Split Fluorescent Protein Fragments

Identification and Functional Analysis of AopN, an Acidovorax Citrulli Effector that Induces Programmed Cell Death in Plants

Pathogenic Bacteria Target Plant Plasmodesmata to Colonize and Invade Surrounding Tissues

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