Subcellular Localization of Spinach Cysteine Synthase Isoforms and Regulation of Their Gene Expression by Nitrogen and Sulfur

Takahashi, Hideki; Saito, Kazuki

doi:10.1104/pp.112.1.273

Cited by 88 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…We applied two systems to treat the rice plants with Al stress: an Al 31 -containing simple Ca 21 solution and an Al 31 -containing a complete nutrient solution. While both systems have been commonly applied in Al stress study, each has advantages and disadvantages [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CS catalyzes biosynthesis of cysteine in plants [31], cysteine in turn serves as a precursor for synthesis of various sulfurcontaining metabolites [29], of which glutathione represents the most important one, being used as a universal antioxidant and detoxifier for coping with various stresses [32]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Al Stress On Glutathione Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this system is commonly adopted for Al-toxicity study, it may not reflect the actual soil condition in which Al 31 ions exist in a mixed manner with various nutrients. To mimic the acid soil condition, we grew the rice plants in a complete nutrient solution (pH 4.3) containing Al 31 and sustained the stress for a longer period (3 days). The roots were sampled, and proteins were extracted and separated by 2-DE.…”

Section: -De Analysis Of the Proteins In Rice Roots Treated With Al mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of aluminum‐responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: Cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response

et al. 2007

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Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious limitation to worldwide crop production. Rice is one of the most Al-tolerant crops and also serves as an important monocot model plant. This study aims to identify Al-responsive proteins in rice, based on evidence that Al resistance is an inducible process. Two Al treatment systems were applied in the study: Al 31 -containing simple Ca solution culture and Al 31-containing complete nutrient solution culture. Proteins prepared from rice roots were separated by 2-DE. The 2-DE patterns were compared and the differentially expressed proteins were identified by MS. A total of 17 Al-responsive proteins were identified, with 12 of those being up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. Among the up-regulated proteins are copper/ zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), GST, and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2, which are the consistently known Al-induced enzymes previously detected at the transcriptional level in other plants. More importantly, a number of other identified proteins including cysteine synthase (CS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, G protein b subunit-like protein, abscisic acid-and stress-induced protein, putative Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited protein 141, and a 33 kDa secretory protein are novel Al-induced proteins. Most of these proteins are functionally associated with signaling transduction, antioxidation, and detoxification. CS, as consistently detected in both Al stress systems, was further validated by Western blot and CS activity assays. Moreover, the metabolic products of CS catalysis, i.e. both the total glutathione pool and reduced glutathione, were also significantly increased in response to Al stress. Taken together, our results suggest that antioxidation and detoxification ultimately related to sulfur metabolism, particularly to CS, may play a functional role in Al adaptation for rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Al Stress On Glutathione Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -De Analysis Of the Proteins In Rice Roots Treated With Al mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of aluminum‐responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: Cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response

et al. 2007

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“…(Noctor et al, 1998). Thus, Cys synthesis from OAS and sulfide is a central point of cellular metabolism as this reaction interconnects sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.Several studies have established regulatory interactions between sulfate and nitrate assimilation in plants (Brunold, 1993;Takahashi and Saito, 1996;Kim et al, 1999;Koprivova et al, 2000). The two assimilatory pathways are well coordinated so that deficiency for one element represses the other pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have established regulatory interactions between sulfate and nitrate assimilation in plants (Brunold, 1993;Takahashi and Saito, 1996;Kim et al, 1999;Koprivova et al, 2000). The two assimilatory pathways are well coordinated so that deficiency for one element represses the other pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Sulfate Assimilation with Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lemna minor

Kopriva

Suter²,

Ballmoos³

et al. 2002

Plant Physiology

114

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Cysteine synthesis from sulfide and O-acetyl-l-serine (OAS) is a reaction interconnecting sulfate, nitrogen, and carbon assimilation. Using Lemna minor, we analyzed the effects of omission of CO 2 from the atmosphere and simultaneous application of alternative carbon sources on adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) and nitrate reductase (NR), the key enzymes of sulfate and nitrate assimilation, respectively. Incubation in air without CO 2 led to severe decrease in APR and NR activities and mRNA levels, but ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was not considerably affected. Simultaneous addition of sucrose (Suc) prevented the reduction in enzyme activities, but not in mRNA levels. OAS, a known regulator of sulfate assimilation, could also attenuate the effect of missing CO 2 on APR, but did not affect NR. When the plants were subjected to normal air after a 24-h pretreatment in air without CO 2 , APR and NR activities and mRNA levels recovered within the next 24 h. The addition of Suc and glucose in air without CO 2 also recovered both enzyme activities, with OAS again influenced only APR. 35 SO 4 2Ϫ feeding showed that treatment in air without CO 2 severely inhibited sulfate uptake and the flux through sulfate assimilation. After a resupply of normal air or the addition of Suc, incorporation of 35 S into proteins and glutathione greatly increased. OAS treatment resulted in high labeling of cysteine; the incorporation of 35 S in proteins and glutathione was much less increased compared with treatment with normal air or Suc. These results corroborate the tight interconnection of sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.Plants, yeast, and most prokaryotes cover their demand for reduced sulfur, which is essential for function of proteins, oligopeptides, and many coenzymes, by reduction of inorganic sulfate. In the pathway of sulfate assimilation of plants, sulfate is first activated by ATP sulfurylase to adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate, which is reduced to sulfite by adenosine 5Ј-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) in a glutathionedependent reaction. Sulfite is further reduced to sulfide by a ferredoxin-dependent sulfite reductase and sulfide incorporated into the amino acid skeleton of O-acetyl-l-Ser (OAS) by OAS (thiol) lyase, forming Cys (Brunold, 1990;Leustek et al., 2000). Cys can further be metabolized to Met or directly incorporated into proteins or glutathione, a tripeptide with important functions as storage and transport form of reduced sulfur, in oxidative stress defense, regulation of sulfur assimilation, etc. (Noctor et al., 1998). Thus, Cys synthesis from OAS and sulfide is a central point of cellular metabolism as this reaction interconnects sulfate, nitrate, and carbon assimilation.Several studies have established regulatory interactions between sulfate and nitrate assimilation in plants (Brunold, 1993;Takahashi and Saito, 1996;Kim et al., 1999;Koprivova et al., 2000). The two assimilatory pathways are well coordinated so that deficiency for one element represses the other pathway. The act...

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Analysis of embryonic proteome modulation by GA and ABA from germinating rice seeds

et al. 2008

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The phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) play essential and often antagonistic roles in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Using a proteomics-based approach, we examined the role of GA and ABA in the modulation of protein expression levels during seed germination. Rice seeds were treated with GA (200 microM), ABA (10 microM), ABA followed by GA, GA followed by ABA, and water as a control and then incubated for 3 days. The embryo was dissected from germinated seeds, and proteins were subjected to 2-DE. Approximately, 665 total protein spots were resolved in the 2-D gels. Among them, 16 proteins notably modulated by either GA or ABA were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Northern analyses demonstrated that expression patterns of 13 of these 16 genes were consistent with those of the proteome analysis. Further examination of two proteins, rice isoflavone resuctase (OsIFR) and rice PR10 (OsPR10), using Western blot and immunolocalization, revealed that both are specifically expressed in the embryo but not in the endosperm and are dramatically downregulated by ABA.

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Subcellular Localization of Spinach Cysteine Synthase Isoforms and Regulation of Their Gene Expression by Nitrogen and Sulfur

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of aluminum‐responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: Cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response

Identification of aluminum‐responsive proteins in rice roots by a proteomic approach: Cysteine synthase as a key player in Al response

Interaction of Sulfate Assimilation with Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Lemna minor

Analysis of embryonic proteome modulation by GA and ABA from germinating rice seeds

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