Subcritical extraction of flaxseed oil with n-propane: Composition and purity

Abstract

Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil was obtained via subcritical n-propane fluid extraction (SubFE) under different temperatures and pressures with an average yield of 28% and its composition, purity and oxidative stability were compared to oils obtained via conventional solvent extraction methods (SEMs). When the oxidative stability was measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the oil was found to be up to 5 times more resistant to lipid oxidation as compared to the SEM oils. Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis showed characteristic and similar TAG profiles for SubFE and SEMs oils but higher purity for the SubFE oil. The flaxseed oil content of β-tocopherol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol were quantified via GC-MS. SubFE showed to be a promising alternative to conventional SEM since SubFE provides an oil with higher purity and higher oxidation stability and with comparable levels of biologically active components.

Extraction of Oil from High‐Moisture Tuna Livers by Subcritical Dimethyl Ether: A Comparison with Different Extraction Methods

“…The results indicated that SFE-CO 2 was the optimal technology for obtaining high quality fish oil as compared with other extraction processes, because it was useful to reduce unwanted side reactions and the amount of extracted impurities. [19] According to our previous work, it had been proved feasible to extract oil from high-moisture tuna liver by SDEE without freezedrying, and the optimal operation conditions were studied. The main disadvantage of SFE-CO 2 is the high cost in industrial scale, not only because of the high pressure equipment applied, but also due to freezedrying of the raw materials before SFE-CO 2 in order to reduce the moisture of raw materials.…”

An original approach for lipophilic natural products extraction: Use of liquefied n-butane as alternative solvent to n-hexane

“…Many studies have been performed on natural product extraction using supercritical CO 2 , but the high working pressure (7.5e45 MPa) has limited the industrial applications (Baysal, Ersus, & Starmans, 2000;Ben Rahal, Barba, Barth, & Chevalot, 2015;Coelho et al, 2012;Couto et al, 2010;Hubert & Vitzthum, 1978;Koubaa et al, 2015;Koubaa et al, 2016;Xu et al, 2011). More recently, some studies have been focused on extraction processes involving liquefied gases at lower pressure (200e1000 kPa), such as n-propane (da Sekhon, Maness, & Jones, 2015;Zanqui et al, 2015), n-butane (Novello et al, 2015;Yang, Teo, & Xu, 2004), dimethyl ether (Kanda & Li, 2011;Kanda & Makino, 2009;Oshita et al, 2015), tetrafluoropropene (Suberu, Yamin, Cornell, Sam, & Lapkin, 2016), tetrafluoroethane (Lapkin, Plucinski, & Cutler, 2006;Mustapa, Manan, Mohd Azizi, Nik Norulaini, & Omar, 2009), eventually with co-solvents (Jesus et al, 2013;Pessoa et al, 2015). All these studies describe a dynamic process with continuous solvent recirculation using pumps and/or compressors which are prone to cavitation issues (Brennen, 1995;Franc & Michel, 2005).…”

Process optimization and characterization of fragrant oil from red pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) seed extracted by subcritical butane extraction

“…Butane has high solvation power, is relatively cheap, does not leave toxic residues and requires lower pressure and temperature . The extraction process is safe and efficient, provides good selectivity and environmental compatibility and does not damage the bioactive compounds of materials, nor does it result in the formation of benzo[ a ]pyrene as in the case of hexane extraction . SBE is a continuous counter‐current process; after extraction, the solvent is removed completely by system depressurization at low temperature and can be recovered .…”