Subcritical Water Extraction of Low-molecular-weight Phenolic Compounds from Oil Palm Biomass

Kawamura, Fumio; Saary, Nur Syahirah; Hashim, Rokiah; Sulaiman, Othman; Hashida, Koh; Otsuka, Yuichiro; Nakamura, Masaya; Ohara, Seiji

doi:10.6090/jarq.48.355

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Finding renewable sources of this phenolic compound is an interesting alternative towards a more sustainable economy. Kawamura et al ( 37 ) proposed that low-molecular-mass phenolic compounds could be used for the production of 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid, which is a precursor for the production of various polymers such as polyamide, polyester and polyurethane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Palm Oil Processing Residues and Their Application as Antioxidants

Tsouko

Alexandri

Fernandes

et al. 2019

Food technol. biotechnol. (Online)

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The side streams derived from the palm oil production process, namely palm kernel cake, palm pressed fibre, palm kernel shells and empty fruit bunches, were evaluated as sources of phenolic compounds. Among these streams, kernel cake had the highest total phenolic content (in mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per g of dry sample) with a value of 5.19, whereas the empty fruit bunches had the lowest value (1.79). The extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio were investigated to optimize the phenolic extraction. Kernel cake exhibited the highest total phenolic content (5.35 mg/g) with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40:1 during 20 min of extraction. The main phenolic compounds of the extracts deriving from all byproduct streams were also identified and quantified with HPLC-DAD. Pyrogallol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid were the main compounds found in kernel cake extracts. Empty fruit bunch and pressed fibre extracts were also rich in 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, while pyrogallol was the predominant compound in kernel shell extracts. All extracts showed antioxidant activity as it was indicated from the results of DPPH analysis and subsequently tested in sunflower oil aiming to prolong its shelf life. The addition of 0.8 % kernel cake extract increased the induction time of sunflower oil more than 50 %. According to the results obtained in this study, kernel cake extracts could be considered as a value-added co-product with a potential application as antioxidants in the food industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Palm Oil Processing Residues and Their Application as Antioxidants

Tsouko

Alexandri

Fernandes

et al. 2019

Food technol. biotechnol. (Online)

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“…However, the percent recovery of coumarin decreased to 91% and 82% at 200 • C and 250 • C, respectively, after heating for 60 min, as shown in Table 2. This means that there is a minor degradation of coumarin at 200 • C and 250 • C. Although Kawamura et al did not extract coumarin in their work, they did report that the subcritical water extraction yield for p-coumaric acid reached a maximum at 160 • C and then decreased at 180 • C and 200 • C [32]. This result suggests that p-coumaric acid may be degraded at temperatures higher than 160 • C. This is in agreement with our findings for coumarin's stability in subcritical water.…”

Section: Stability Of Vanillin and Coumarin In Subcritical Watermentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, no significant degradation of vanillin occurred under the subcritical water conditions investigated. Kawamura et al reported that the subcritical water extraction yield for vanillin from oil palm trunk continued to increase between 100 • C to 200 • C [32]. This may suggest that no degradation of vanillin occurs, and the compound is stable in water at temperatures up to 200 • C during the process of subcritical water extraction.…”

Section: Stability Of Vanillin and Coumarin In Subcritical Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2020

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In order to facilitate the development of the green subcritical water chromatography technique for vanillin and coumarin, the stability of the compounds under subcritical water conditions was investigated in this work. In addition, their extraction from natural products was also studied. The stability experiments were carried out by heating the mixtures of vanillin and water or coumarin and water at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 250 °C, while subcritical water extractions (SBWE) of both analytes from vanilla beans and whole tonka beans were conducted at 100 °C to 200 °C. Analyte quantification for both stability and extraction studies was carried out by HPLC. After heating for 60 min, vanillin was found to be stable in water at temperatures up to 250 °C. While coumarin is also stable at lower temperatures such as 100 °C and 150 °C, it undergoes partial degradation after heating for 60 min at 200 °C and higher. The results of this stability study support green subcritical water chromatographic separation and extraction of vanillin and coumarin at temperatures up to 150 °C. The SBWE results revealed that the extraction efficiency of both analytes from vanilla beans and tonka beans is significantly improved with increasing temperature.

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“…Some of these compounds are produced as secondary metabolites in plants. 4-HBA and 3,4-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde (DHBA) are present in Origanum vulgare L. [18], oil palm biomass [19], Potentilla fulgens [20], sugarcane molasses [21] and vanilla pods [22]. 4-HBA and 4-AP are present in Dilobeia thouarsii [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scavenging of DPPH, Galvinoxyl and ABTS Radicals by Imine Analogs of Resveratrol

et al. 2016

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Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin produced by plants. Resveratrol is known for its anti-cancer, antiviral and antioxidant properties. We prepared imine analogs of resveratrol ((hydroxyphenyliminomethyl)phenols) and tested their antioxidant activity. All prepared resveratrol analogs were able to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), galvinoxyl radical (GOR) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radicals. The antioxidant activity efficiency correlated with the number and position of hydroxyl groups. The most effective antioxidants were resveratrol analogs containing three hydroxyl groups in the benzylidene part of their molecules. These results provide new insights into the relationship between the chemical structure and biological activity of resveratrol analogs.

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Subcritical Water Extraction of Low-molecular-weight Phenolic Compounds from Oil Palm Biomass

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Palm Oil Processing Residues and Their Application as Antioxidants

Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Palm Oil Processing Residues and Their Application as Antioxidants

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

The Scavenging of DPPH, Galvinoxyl and ABTS Radicals by Imine Analogs of Resveratrol

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