Subitizing in Tactile Perception

Riggs, Kevin J.; Ferrand, Ludovic; Lancelin, Denis; Fryziel, Laurent; Dumur, Gérard; Simpson, Andrew

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01696.x

Cited by 92 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…So, although the haptic subitizing and counting slopes found in the present study may be larger than generally found in vision, they are in agreement with the values one would expect from the range of slopes found in haptic search. Note also that our subitizing slope is substantially smaller than the tactile subitizing slope reported by Riggs et al (2006) (270 ms/item). The fact that the slope for small numerosities is larger for the haptic modality than in vision does not rule out that similar mechanisms underlie numerosity judgements in this regime, especially since in search tasks response time slopes are generally larger in the haptic modality than in vision.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

“…It is possible that a haptic version of visual indexing exists or that visual indexing can also be used to process information that is extracted haptically. Riggs et al (2006) have reported evidence for the existence of an accurate and fast regime in haptic numerosity judgement for small numerosities (<4) when separate fingers were stimulated with pins. This is in agreement with the present study were we also find that there is evidence for two regimes in numerosity judgement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…touch without active exploration. One study in which subjects had to judge the number of fingers stimulated with pins reported subitizing (Riggs et al, 2006), but no subitizing was found in a study where subjects had to report how many vibrators were distributed over the body surface (Gallace, Tan, & Spence, 2006). This raises the question whether subitizing only occurs in touch when stimuli are presented to the separate fingers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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One, two, three, many – Subitizing in active touch

2009

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a b s t r a c t 'Subitizing' refers to rapid and accurate judgement of small numbers of items, while response times and error rates increase rapidly for larger set-sizes. Most enumeration studies have been done in vision. Enumeration studies in touch have mostly involved 'passive touch', i.e. touch without active exploration. In daily life a much more common situation is that of 'active touch', e.g. when we count the number of coins in our pocket. To investigate numerosity judgement in active touch, we let subjects haptically explore varying numbers of spheres. Our results show that enumeration for up to 3 items is more efficient than for larger numbers of items. We also show that enumeration in this regime was not performed through estimation. Furthermore, it is shown that numerosity information was accessed directly and not through mass or volume cues. Not only do our results show that a haptic version of subitizing exists in active touch, they also suggest similar underlying enumeration mechanisms across different modalities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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One, two, three, many – Subitizing in active touch

2009

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“…The same apparatus as that constructed by Riggs et al (2006) was used. It consisted of two boxes (381 mm long, 220 mm wide, 64 mm high) used to stimulate the fingertips of each hand.…”

Section: Apparatus and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, however, Riggs et al (2006) investigated enumeration in tactile perception and reported a clear discontinuity between one to three and four to six items for both correct naming times and accuracy. Riggs et al's results are of theoretical importance because they suggest that subitizing is a general perceptual process, not one restricted to the visual modality.…”

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confidence: 99%

Subitizing in congenitally blind adults

2010

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We investigated the role of vision in tactile enumeration within and outside the subitizing range. Congenitally blind and sighted (blindfolded) participants were asked to enumerate quickly and accurately the number of fingers stimulated. Both groups of participants enumerated one to three fingers quickly and accurately but were much slower and less accurate with four to nine fingers. Within the subitizing range, blind participants performed no differently from both sighted (blindfolded) and sighted-seeing participants. Outside of the subitizing range, blind and sighted-seeing participants showed better performance than did sighted-blindfolded participants, suggesting that lack of access to the predominant sensory modality does affect performance. Together, these findings further support the claim that subitizing is a general perceptual mechanism and demonstrate that vision is not necessary for the development of the subitizing mechanism.

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Haptic perception

Kappers

Tiest

2013

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Fueled by novel applications, interest in haptic perception is growing. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of a number of important aspects of haptic perception. By means of touch we can not only perceive quite different material properties, such as roughness, compliance, friction, coldness and slipperiness, but we can also perceive spatial properties, such as shape, curvature, size and orientation. Moreover, the number of objects we have in our hand can be determined, either by counting or subitizing. All these aspects will be presented and discussed in this paper. Although our intuition tells us that touch provides us with veridical information about our environment, the existence of prominent haptic illusions will show otherwise. Knowledge about haptic perception is interesting from a fundamental viewpoint, but it also is of eminent importance in the technological development of haptic devices. At the end of this paper, a few recent applications will be presented. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:357-374. DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1238 CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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Subitizing in Tactile Perception

Cited by 92 publications

References 8 publications

One, two, three, many – Subitizing in active touch

One, two, three, many – Subitizing in active touch

Subitizing in congenitally blind adults

Haptic perception

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