Subjective and objective effects of alcohol as functions of dosage and time

Ekman, Gösta; Frankenhaeuser, Marianne; Goldberg, Leonard; Hagdahl, Ragnar; Myrsten, Anna‐Lisa

doi:10.1007/bf00429567

Cited by 101 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Grossberg & Grant, 1978;Acri & Grunberg, 1992) and perceived level of intoxication following alcohol consumption (e.g. Ekman et al, 1964;Sayette & Wilson, 1991). The critical feature of magnitude estimation is that the scale has no maximum endpoint.…”

Section: Assessment Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of drug craving

et al. 2000

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This paper reviews theoretical and methodological issues in the measurement of drug craving, with an emphasis on self-report assessment. Despite the important role that craving plays in many research and clinical settings, the way in which the construct is conceptualized and measured rarely receives sufficient attention. Issues pertinent to conceptualizing craving are identified. Because there is no single perfect measure of craving, it is essential that researchers understand the limitations of each measure. Measurement performance concerns that affect the validity of different measures are reviewed. Non-verbal assessment methods are also reviewed. Research factors that may help determine the optimal measures for a given study are highlighted. It is concluded that advances in assessment will proceed only when combined with additional research and a better theoretical understanding of craving.

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Section: Assessment Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of drug craving

et al. 2000

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“…Since Mellanby (1919) first observed this phenomenon, it has been confirmed with a wide range of physiological and behavioural measures of a!cohol effect in both animals and humans. For example, human studies have shown acute tolerance with standing steadiness (Hurst and Bagley 1972), reaction time (Young 1970), recall (Jones 1973), numerical coding of letter charts (Hurst and Bagley 1972), arithmetic (Ekman et al 1964) and other tasks.…”

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confidence: 98%

Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

1989

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The development of acute tolerance to the subjective effects of alcohol was examined in 32 social drinkers. Measures were made of self-reported level of intoxication and responses to questions from the alcohol scale of the Addiction Research Centre Inventory. The time to peak self-reported intoxication level was found to be 20 min earlier than the time to peak blood alcohol concentration. Changes from the ascending to the descending limb of the blood alcohol curve were found with five of the ARCI questions. In all cases the proportion of alcohol-typical responses was lower on the descending portion of the curve, even though blood alcohol levels were equivalent. Further analyses examined the effects of prior drinking history on the development of acute tolerance. Peak self-reported intoxication levels were significantly lower and occurred earlier for heavier drinkers. Furthermore, for four of the five ARCI questions heavier drinkers were less likely to give an alcohol-typical response than lighter drinkers on the ascending portion of the curve.

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“…53 Following low to moderate doses of ethanol, by contrast, there may be a brief period of behavioral stimulation and euphoria that is replaced later with sedation. [54][55][56][57][58][59] This early period of euphoria is particular interesting because it may be responsible for the positive reinforcement associated with ethanol intake that is critical for ethanol-seeking behavior.…”

Section: Time Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Imaging Functional Consequences of Ethanol in the Central Nervous System

Lyons

Whitlow

Smith

et al. 1998

Recent Developments in Alcoholism

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Abstract. In recent years, sophisticated methods have been developed to view structure and function within the living brain. Functional imaging methods are used to visualize dynamic chemical processes that are linked to brain activity. Increased neural activity, for example, leads to greater glucose and oxygen consumption and greater regional rates of blood flow to meet elevated energy demands. Mapping these changes provides quantitative visual descriptions of localized changes in brain activity that result from behavioral or pharmacological manipulations. This chapter first describes several current methods and how they are used to study the effects of alcohol on brain function. In the second part, the effects of acute intoxication are discussed with emphasis on the complex nature of alcohol's effects in the central nervous system, which depend on dose, time since administration, and environmental context. In the final part, the functional consequences of long-term exposure to alcohol as well as diseases associated with chronic alcoholism are reviewed.

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Subjective and objective effects of alcohol as functions of dosage and time

Cited by 101 publications

References 6 publications

The measurement of drug craving

The measurement of drug craving

Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

Brain Imaging Functional Consequences of Ethanol in the Central Nervous System

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