Sublethal effects of esfenvalerate pulse-exposure on spawning and non-spawning Australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)

Barry, Michael J.; O’Halloran, Kathryn; Logan, D.C.; Ahokas, J.T.; Holdway, Douglas A.

doi:10.1007/bf00211628

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Elevated CYP activity is an important mechanism for insect resistance to pyrethroids, including esfenvalerate (Scott, 1999). Unlike OPs, which have been reported to suppress CYPs, pyrethroids such as esfenvalerate can have variable effects, altering some CYP isoforms (Barry et al, 1995), but not others (Barry et al, 1995;Heder et al, 2001). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variability in esterase activity and CYP1A levels in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos

et al. 2005

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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has traditionally been monitored as a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) and/or carbamate exposure. However, AChE activity may not be the most sensitive endpoint for these agrochemicals, because OPs can cause adverse physiological effects at concentrations that do not affect AChE activity. Carboxylesterases are a related family of enzymes that have higher affinity than AChE for some OPs and carbamates and may be more sensitive indicators of environmental exposure to these pesticides. In this study, carboxylesterase and AChE activity, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) protein levels, and mortality were measured in individual juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) following exposure to an OP (chlorpyrifos) and a pyrethroid (esfenvalerate). As expected, high doses of chlorpyrifos and esfenvalerate were acutely toxic, with nominal concentrations (100 and 1 μg/l, respectively) causing 100% mortality within 96 h. Exposure to chlorpyrifos at a high dose (7.3 μg/l), but not a low dose (1.2 μg/l), significantly inhibited AChE activity in both brain and muscle tissue (85% and 92% inhibition, respectively), while esfenvalerate exposure had no effect. In contrast, liver carboxylesterase activity was significantly inhibited at both the low and high chlorpyrifos dose exposure (56% and 79% inhibition, respectively), while esfenvalerate exposure still had little effect. The inhibition of carboxylesterase activity at levels of chlorpyrifos that did not affect AChE activity suggests that some salmon carboxylesterase isozymes may be more sensitive than AChE to inhibition by OPs. CYP1A protein levels were ∼30% suppressed by chlorpyrifos exposure at the high dose, but esfenvalerate had no effect. Three teleost species, Chinook salmon, medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus), were examined for their ability to hydrolyze a series of pyrethroid surrogate substrates and in all cases hydrolysis activity was undetectable. Together these data suggest that (1) carboxylesterase activity inhibition may be a more sensitive biomarker for OP exposure than AChE activity, (2) neither AChE nor carboxylesterase activity are biomarkers for pyrethroid exposure, (3) CYP1A protein is not a sensitive marker for these agrochemicals and (4) slow hydrolysis rates may be partly responsible for acute pyrethroid toxicity in fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variability in esterase activity and CYP1A levels in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos

et al. 2005

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“…The mortality of hatchlings in higher numbers immediately after hatching indicates that they are more sensitive to pesticides than are embryonic stages (Kaur and Toor 1977). It was reported previously that esfenvalerate (synthetic pyrethroid) causes reduced fecundity and the failure of eggs to hatch among Australian crimson-spotted rainbow-fish, Melanotaenia fluviatilis (Castelnau), (Barry et al 1995) and, reduced fry growth, delayed spawning, and reduced hatching in bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Raf. (Tanner and Knuth 1996).…”

Section: Individuals Of Carassius Auratus Gibelo Exposed Tomentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of the synthetic pyrethroid Deltamethrin and the neem-based pesticide Achook on the reproductive ability of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cyprinidae)

Sharma¹,

Ansari²

2010

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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Abstract. In the present research, both male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), were exposed to 96-h LC5 values of Deltamethrin (0.016 µg dm -3 ) and Achook (0.025 µg dm -3 ) for three months. The fish were then returned to normal water and allowed to breed to permit observations of fecundity and hatchability. The results show significant reductions in fecundity and hatchability in comparison to the control group. Fecundity was reduced by 54.12% in the fish treated with Deltamethrin and by 17.81% in those treated with Achook. Significant decreases in hatchability of up to 49.7% were noted in the Deltamethrin group and of 36.9% in the Achook treated fish. The number of unhatched/dead eggs increased significantly (P < 0.05 for each case). It was concluded that low concentrations (96-h LC5 values) of both pesticides can have a significant impact on the reproduction of zebrafish.

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“…However, similar negative effects can be observed in beneficial, predatory and parasitoid arthropod species, such as the decrease in fecundity of predatory Coleomegilla maculata lady beetles after exposure to commercial formulations of 2,4-D and dicamba herbicides [68] and reduced ovipositions of Eriopis connexa lady beetles exposed to the insecticides teflubenzuron and cypermethrin [69]; the severe reduction in fecundity of predatory thrips (Scolothrips longicornis) exposed to abamectin [70]; or the reduced fecundity of the generalist predatory bug Orius armatus exposed to spinosad [71], amongst many others. Other non-target organisms also experience impaired reproductive effects; for example, the reduced fecundity of queen honey bees (Apis mellifera) exposed to sublethal doses of bifenthrin and deltamethrin [72] or to field relevant residues of imidacloprid [73,74]; the reduced spawning of Australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) and medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) exposed to sublethal concentrations of esfenvalerate insecticide in water [75,76]; or the reduced population growth rate of Daphnia spp. exposed to sublethal concentrations of spinosad [77].…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

Bayo¹,

Tennekes²

2017

Environ Risk Assess Remediat

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The widespread contamination of a significant proportion of the planet's land and water with pesticides is undeniable. While this takes place, innumerable species of animals associated with agricultural landscapes are declining at rates that may put them on the brink to extinction in the span of a lifetime. It is evident, therefore, that our current risk assessment of agrochemicals has failed to protect the environment. A new framework is proposed here that combines the mandatory introduction of new toxicity endpoints with a more logical assessment of risks within the existing tiered approach. Chronic toxicity tests designed to detect time-cumulative effects should be a requirement for assessing delayed mortality as well as population endpoints that are crucial for the recovery and survival of species, such as fecundity. Exposure assessments should ensure that field monitoring data integrate both the highest and average levels of residues, as the former levels determine the main ecological impacts. The first tier of the risk assessment should comprise an evaluation of short-term mortality (as currently done by a hazard quotient on acute toxicity) and of the lethality after chronic exposure to sublethal levels. Chemicals that pass this tier should be assessed in a second tier whereby the crucial population endpoints are evaluated. Unless there is evidence of recovery with no negative effects on reproduction of the species tested, a chemical should not be registered. Further tiers of assessment, including sublethal effects, community effects tested in model ecosystems (i.e. microcosms, mesocoms) and field trials can still be used as supporting evidence, as it is currently done. AbstractAssessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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Sublethal effects of esfenvalerate pulse-exposure on spawning and non-spawning Australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Individual variability in esterase activity and CYP1A levels in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos

Individual variability in esterase activity and CYP1A levels in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos

Effect of the synthetic pyrethroid Deltamethrin and the neem-based pesticide Achook on the reproductive ability of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Cyprinidae)

Assessment of ecological risks of agrochemicals requires a new framework.

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