Sublethal effects of lead on northern leopard frog (<i>Rana pipiens</i>) tadpoles

Chen, Te‐Hao; Gross, Jackson A.; Karasov, William H.

doi:10.1897/05-356r.1

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Delayed neurobehavioral changes have already been reported in rats exposed to As (III) (Rodriguez et al 2002). Maximum swimming speed has been shown to be a sensitive behavioral endpoint of metal toxicity in tadpoles (Jung and Jagoe 1995;Chen et al 2006Chen et al , 2007. Although not fatal in the controlled laboratory environment, decreased sprint swim speed may cause tadpoles to be more susceptible to predation where predators exist (Raimondo et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic exposure to pentavalent arsenic of larval leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): bioaccumulation and reduced swimming performance

2009

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Arsenic (As) is mainly released to the environment from anthropogenic sources, with inorganic pentavalent As (As [V]) predominant in surface water. In this study, Rana pipiens were exposed to As (V) in water at environmentally relevant concentrations (control, 10, 20, 150, 500, and 1,000 microg l(-1)) in a static-renewal system from post-hatch stage through metamorphosis for 113 days. There was no significant effect of As exposure on tadpole survival, growth, and percent metamorphosis. Maximum swimming speed was significantly slower in the As-treated groups compared with the control. During the period of tail resorption (Gosner stage 42-46), no significant differences in age at metamorphosis, survival, length of tail resorption period, snout-vent length of metamorphs, and sex ratio were found among treatments. Whole body As concentrations ranged from <0.6 to 5.31 mg kg(-1) dry mass, and were significantly higher in the 150, 500, and 1,000 microg l(-1) treatments than the control. Based on our data, larval tissue concentrations of As close to that reported in previous field studies were not associated with any significant effects except decreased tadpole swimming speed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maximum swimming speed of tadpoles, an index of predator avoidance ability, was also measured on d 44 following the methods described in our previous study (Chen et al 2006). Ten tadpoles were randomly selected from each tank.…”

Section: Toxicity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to pentavalent arsenic of larval leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): bioaccumulation and reduced swimming performance

2009

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“…However, the lack of effect of heavy metal exposure contradicts the conclusions of past studies (Linder and Grillitsch 2000), although this may be due to the small sample size and low statistical power incurring in type II errors. Moreover, the reported study revealed that the lack of effect of heavy metals on survival may be mediated by the elevated mortality in control treatment (Chen et al 2006), also increasing type II errors. Further research is needed to verify the effects of heavy metals on amphibian survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding of the impact of chemicals on amphibians: a meta‐analytic review

Egea‐Serrano

Relyea

Tejedo

et al. 2012

Ecology and Evolution

228

112

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Many studies have assessed the impact of different pollutants on amphibians across a variety of experimental venues (laboratory, mesocosm, and enclosure conditions). Past reviews, using vote-counting methods, have described pollution as one of the major threats faced by amphibians. However, vote-counting methods lack strong statistical power, do not permit one to determine the magnitudes of effects, and do not compare responses among predefined groups. To address these challenges, we conducted a meta-analysis of experimental studies that measured the effects of different chemical pollutants (nitrogenous and phosphorous compounds, pesticides, road deicers, heavy metals, and other wastewater contaminants) at environmentally relevant concentrations on amphibian survival, mass, time to hatching, time to metamorphosis, and frequency of abnormalities. The overall effect size of pollutant exposure was a medium decrease in amphibian survival and mass and a large increase in abnormality frequency. This translates to a 14.3% decrease in survival, a 7.5% decrease in mass, and a 535% increase in abnormality frequency across all studies. In contrast, we found no overall effect of pollutants on time to hatching and time to metamorphosis. We also found that effect sizes differed among experimental venues and among types of pollutants, but we only detected weak differences among amphibian families. These results suggest that variation in sensitivity to contaminants is generally independent of phylogeny. Some publication bias (i.e., selective reporting) was detected, but only for mass and the interaction effect size among stressors. We conclude that the overall impact of pollution on amphibians is moderately to largely negative. This implies that pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations pose an important threat to amphibians and may play a role in their present global decline.

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“…The enzymatic activity of d-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, a heme biosynthesis enzyme, was inhibited in fish at highly Pb-contaminated sites [15]. Furthermore, exposure to Pb resulted in a slower growth rate and spinal deformity in northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) [16]. In recent years a national upward trend of Hg in the environment has been identified [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals, hematology, plasma chemistry, and parasites in adult hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)

Huang

Briggler

et al. 2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ozark (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis bishopi) and eastern hellbenders (C. a. alleganiensis) from seven rivers in Missouri, USA, were collected to investigate essential information on hematology, parasites, and plasma chemistry and levels of select heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Co) in the animals' blood. The body masses of Ozark hellbenders were much smaller than those of eastern hellbenders. Blood parasites were detected in Ozark hellbenders, but not eastern hellbenders. The higher frequency in occurrence of eosinophils in Ozark hellbenders (8.8-16.8%) than in eastern hellbenders (highest at 6.6%) might result from the infection of parasites. Seven of the 18 hematology and plasma parameters (hematocrit, basophils, eosinophils, K, P, Ca, and chloride) showed significant differences between subspecies. The blood levels of heavy metals Co, Hg, and Pb differed significantly between subspecies. Ozark hellbenders had higher blood levels of Co (p<0.001), while blood levels of Hg and Pb were higher in eastern hellbenders. The levels of chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) were not different between subspecies and among rivers. The eastern hellbenders at Niangua River and the Ozark hellbenders at the North Fork of the White River had lower Hg levels compared to eastern and Ozark hellbenders at other sites. All together, our findings provide important baseline information for managing this endangered species.

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Sublethal effects of lead on northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles

Cited by 32 publications

References 35 publications

Chronic exposure to pentavalent arsenic of larval leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): bioaccumulation and reduced swimming performance

Chronic exposure to pentavalent arsenic of larval leopard frogs (Rana pipiens): bioaccumulation and reduced swimming performance

Understanding of the impact of chemicals on amphibians: a meta‐analytic review

Heavy metals, hematology, plasma chemistry, and parasites in adult hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)

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