Submergence Tolerance of Rice Species, Oryza glaberrima Steudel

Sakagami, Jun‐Ichi

doi:10.5772/26023

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Alternatively, they suggested that unlike Asian rice, the origin of African rice may be deep-sea rice (paddy rice), and therefore it became more resistant to African flood conditions by evolving distinct adaptive morphological structures with high growth rates and long stems (Sakagami, 2012;Jackson and Ram, 2003;Sakagami et al, 2009). However, in contrast, it may not possess an adaptation mechanism for UVB, as ultraviolet radiation do not easily pass through water.…”

Section: Crucial Factors For Determining Uvb Sensitivity In African Rice Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trade-off between UVB sensitivity and tolerance against other stresses in African rice species

Mmbando¹,

HIDEMA²

2021

Turk J Bot

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Climate change and ozone depletion have caused increased ultraviolet B (UVB; 280-315 nm) radiation levels on earth that have been predicted to cause decreased growth and yield of various crops, including rice, the most important staple food world-wide. UVB radiation sensitivity varies extensively in Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) and African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza barthii A. Chev.) cultivars, and the activity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase that repairs UVB-induced CPD is an essential factor underlying UVB sensitivity in rice.Unlike Asian varieties, African rice possesses different origins, and it is cultivated in the African continent under environmental stresses and unstable climatic conditions and is well-adapted to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information regarding UVB sensitivity in African rice remains lacking. In this review, we describe recent research examining the sensitivity of rice species to UVB radiation, and we focus on UVB sensitivity and CPD photolyase genotypes with emphasis on African rice species. Consequently, the novel CPD photolyase genotype found only in African rice species results in a more severe phenotype termed "Super-hypersensitive" in cultivars grown only in West Africa, particularly at O. glaberrima domestication centres. We also describe possible reasons for the high UVB sensitivity of African rice cultivars in relation to plant morphology and other environmental stresses such as floods and pathogens. Finally, using the available knowledge, we suggest possible ways to develop multiple stress resistant plants that can cope well in tropical environments under numerous environmental stresses. This review provides more tools for increasing food production for feeding the outgrowing population, particularly in tropical areas such as Africa.

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Section: Crucial Factors For Determining Uvb Sensitivity In African Rice Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The trade-off between UVB sensitivity and tolerance against other stresses in African rice species

Mmbando¹,

HIDEMA²

2021

Turk J Bot

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“…African rice species (O. glaberrima) have two major ecotypes: The floating photosensitive ecotype, grown in deep water, including coastal mangrove areas, and the early erect ecotype, grown in uplands or moderately flooded lowlands 30 . UVB-super-hypersensitive cultivars might be deep-water rice, and most O. glaberrima adapt well to floods and long-term submergence due to escape strategies based on the elongation of stems or leaves 36,37 . Therefore, African rice might not need high CPD photolyase activity because UVB radiation does not pass through deep water.…”

Section: Scientific Reports |mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, African rice might not need high CPD photolyase activity because UVB radiation does not pass through deep water. However, after the water level begins to decrease or during short-term submergence (flash flooding) due to unstable climatic conditions, adaptation strategies to survive flooding, such as shoot and internode elongation, will make this species vulnerable to not only lodging and photoperiodic sensitivity 36,37 but also to UVB radiation. This may contribute to the low productivity of O. glaberrima because it is grown in a tropical environment with high UVB radiation stress, with unstable climatic conditions that are strongly affected by precipitation and overflow from the river due to the poor irrigation system of rice cultivated in West Africa 37 .…”

Section: Scientific Reports |mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, after the water level begins to decrease or during short-term submergence (flash flooding) due to unstable climatic conditions, adaptation strategies to survive flooding, such as shoot and internode elongation, will make this species vulnerable to not only lodging and photoperiodic sensitivity 36,37 but also to UVB radiation. This may contribute to the low productivity of O. glaberrima because it is grown in a tropical environment with high UVB radiation stress, with unstable climatic conditions that are strongly affected by precipitation and overflow from the river due to the poor irrigation system of rice cultivated in West Africa 37 . Another possibility is that UVB super-hypersensitivity enables cultivation under various environmental stresses or is beneficial for overcoming stresses such as pathogens 38,39 because a UVB-hypersensitive indica cultivar (Surjamkhi) whose CPD photolyase has low activity has been domesticated in South Asia, where UVB radiation is also high.…”

Section: Scientific Reports |mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very high sensitivity of African rice to artificial ultraviolet-B radiation caused by genotype and quantity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase

Mmbando

Teranishi

Hidema

2020

Sci Rep

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Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation damages plants and decreases their growth and productivity.We previously demonstrated that UVB sensitivity varies widely among Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and that the activity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, which repairs UVB-induced CPDs, determines UVB sensitivity. Unlike Asian rice, African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza barthii A. Chev.) has mechanisms to adapt to African climates and to protect itself against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, information about the UVB sensitivity of African rice species is largely absent. We showed that most of the African rice cultivars examined in this study were UVB-hypersensitive or even UVB-super-hypersensitive in comparison with the UVB sensitivity of Asian O. sativa cultivars. The difference in UVB resistance correlated with the total CPD photolyase activity, which was determined by its activity and its cellular content. The UVB-super-hypersensitive cultivars had low enzyme activity caused by newly identified polymorphisms and low cellular CPD photolyase contents. The new polymorphisms were only found in cultivars from West Africa, particularly in those from countries believed to be centres of O. glaberrima domestication. This study provides new tools for improving both Asian and African rice productivity.Plants use sunlight for photosynthesis and are therefore exposed to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation (280-315 nm). Damage caused by UVB radiation decreases plant growth and productivity 1 . Artificial UVB radiation in a growth chamber or field can also damage plants, decreasing the growth and productivity of economically important crops, including rice; UV radiation exclusion prevents such damage and can increase plant growth 2,3 .Rice is one of the most important staple grains globally and is extensively cultivated worldwide in regions with different climates. The genus Oryza comprises 22 wild species and 2 species of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L. and O. glaberrima Steud.); O. sativa and O. glaberrima originated from and were domesticated in Asia and West Africa, respectively 4,5 . Asian rice cultivars belong to one of the two major O. sativa subspecies, japonica or indica. UVB sensitivity varies widely among Asian rice cultivars 6 due to differences in the enzymatic activity for repair of UV-induced DNA damage 7 . Upon UVB irradiation, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are formed between adjacent pyrimidines on the same DNA strand 8 . In the photoreactivation pathway, the enzyme photolyase absorbs light in the UVA (315-400 nm) and blue ranges through the FAD chromophore, which releases energy to induce dimer dissociation into monomers 9 . Photoreactivation activity is higher in the UVB-resistant rice cultivar Sasanishiki (O. sativa ssp. japonica) than in the less resistant cultivar Norin 1 (also japonica) 10 . The higher activity in Sasanishiki results from spontaneous mutations in the CPD photolyase gene that alter the function of the enzyme rather than from a regulatory mutation 11 . The ...

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“…Rice yields in flood-prone areas are very low, mostly averaging below 1.5 t/ha, because farmers usually grow their low-yielding traditional varieties (Haefele et al, 2010); and modern high-yielding varieties tolerant of these stresses are mostly non-existent. In some locations, such as Mopti (Mali) and the Sokoto Rima River flood plains (Nigeria), O. glaberrima (African rice) is still cultivated despite its low yield potential relative to the more widely cultivated O. sativa (Asian rice) (Jones et al, 1997;Diarra et al, 2004;Sakagami, 2012).…”

Section: Excess Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in Africa.

Dramé¹,

Manneh²,

Ismail³

et al. 2013

Realizing Africa's Rice Promise

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This chapter presents the major abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, excess water, phosphorus deficiency, iron toxicity and extreme temperatures) that constrain rice production in sub-Saharan Africa and the breeding activities to develop rice cultivars tolerant of these stresses and adapted to local conditions in Africa. The challenges that should be addressed in order to sustainably increase rice productivity in Africa South of Sahara are also discussed.

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Submergence Tolerance of Rice Species, Oryza glaberrima Steudel

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

The trade-off between UVB sensitivity and tolerance against other stresses in African rice species

The trade-off between UVB sensitivity and tolerance against other stresses in African rice species

Very high sensitivity of African rice to artificial ultraviolet-B radiation caused by genotype and quantity of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase

Rice genetic improvement for abiotic stress tolerance in Africa.

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