Submicron sea spray fluxes

Geever, Michael; O’Dowd, Colin; Ekeren, S. van; Flanagan, Robert J.; Nilsson, E. Douglas; Leeuw, G. de; Rannik, Üllar

doi:10.1029/2005gl023081

Cited by 110 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[50] To further place our results in context, we compared our measured size-resolved aerosol production efficiencies to previously reported sea spray aerosol source functions derived from both laboratory and ambient measurements using whitecap (Lab: [Fuentes et al, 2010b;Gong, 2003;Monahan et al, 1986]; Ambient: [Clarke et al, 2006]) and eddy correlation methods (Ambient: [Geever et al, 2005;Nilsson and Rannik, 2001;Norris et al, 2012]). To provide a consistent basis for this comparison, the source fluxes (number of particles produced per ocean surface area per second) were converted to production efficiencies (number of particles produced per bubble film cap area).…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Bubble-produced Aerosol Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2010b] formulation provides particle flux as a function of seawater organic carbon (OC) concentration; two curves are presented to show production efficiency at OC concentrations of 0 and 512 mM. Integrated production efficiencies [Geever et al, 2005; are presented as individual markers, with error bars indicating the particle size range they apply over.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Bubble-produced Aerosol Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble‐produced aerosol particles

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

[1] The effect of soluble surfactant on the persistence of salt-water bubbles and their ability to produce aerosol particles upon bursting was investigated. Ensembles of individual, millimetric bubbles were produced in NaCl solutions of varying surfactant concentration. Aerosol production efficiency-a fundamental property of single bubbles defined as the number of particles produced per bubble film cap area-decreased by 79% to 98% following the addition of surfactant and increase in solution film pressure from 1-2 to 7-27 mN m À1 . The generated particle size distributions (0.01-10 mm dry diameter) contained up to three modes and did not change much for film pressures up to 13.8 mN m À1 . The persistence of the bubbles at the water surface and the thickness of their film caps were investigated with high-speed videography. Addition of soluble surfactant increased average bubble persistence providing more time for the bubbles to drain and thin out with the aid of marginal regeneration flows. Bubble film cap thicknesses ranged from around 1 mm for relatively clean, short-lived bubbles to less than 0.1 mm for surfactant-stabilized, persistent bubbles. The suppression of aerosol production from the surfactant-stabilized bubbles may have resulted from the dramatic thinning of their caps or reduced surface forces at high film pressure. Previously reported Sea Spray Aerosol source functions were compared to measured aerosol production efficiencies and found to be significantly greater in magnitude, suggesting that there is a source of particles from whitecaps that was not captured in these single-bubble experiments.

show abstract

Section: Comparison With Previous Bubble-produced Aerosol Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Previous Bubble-produced Aerosol Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble‐produced aerosol particles

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For coarse mode sea salt, we use the same approach as described in Stier et al (2005) with a table look-up for wind speeds between 1 and 40 m/s. The net accumulation sea-spray flux is based on Geever et al (2005) and is used as an organic-inorganic source function for the mixture of POC and sea salt aerosols. Recent measurements at the Mace Head station at the Atlantic coast of Ireland (O'Dowd et al, 2004;Yoon et al, 2007) have shown that OC contributes a considerable fraction to seaspray during periods of increased biological activity of the ocean.…”

Section: Model Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol distribution over Europe: a model evaluation study with detailed aerosol microphysics

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper summarizes an evaluation of model simulations with a regional scale atmospheric climatechemistry/aerosol model called REMOTE, which has been extended by a microphysical aerosol module. Model results over Europe are presented and compared with available measurements in surface air focusing on the European distribution and variability of primary and secondary aerosols. Additionally, model results obtained with detailed aerosol microphysics are compared to those based on an aerosol bulk mass approach revealing the impact of dry deposition fluxes on atmospheric burden concentration. An improved determination of elevated ozone and sulfate concentrations could be achieved by considering a diurnal cycle in the anthropogenic emission fluxes. Deviation between modelled and measured organic carbon concentrations can be mainly explained by missing formation of secondary organic aerosols and deficiencies in emission data. Changing residential heating practices in Europe, where the use of wood is no longer restricted to rural areas, need to be considered in emission inventories as well as vegetation fire emissions which present a dominant source of organic carbon.

show abstract

“…Particles greater than 250 nm in (dry) diameter have tended to be thought of as primarily sea salt (Clarke et al, 1997) while smaller aerosol have been thought to be mainly composed of sulphates. Recent work (Nilsson et al, 2001;Geever et al, 2005) shows sea salt aerosol present below 100 nm and fluxes of particles as small as 10 nm being significant depending on sea state. It is known that both sulphate aerosol and sea-salt Published by Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and physical characteristics of aerosol particles at a remote coastal location, Mace Head, Ireland, during NAMBLEX

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A suite of aerosol physical and chemical measurements were made at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, Co. Galway, Ireland, a coastal site on the eastern seaboard of the north Atlantic Ocean during NAMBLEX. The data have been used in this paper to show that over a wide range of aerosol sizes there is no impact of the intertidal zone or the surf zone on measurements made at 7 m above ground level or higher. During the measurement period a range of air mass types were observed. During anticyclonic periods and conditions of continental outflow Aitken and accumulation mode were enhanced by a factor of 5 compared to the marine sector, whilst coarse mode particles were enhanced during westerly conditions. Baseline marine conditions were rarely met at Mace Head during NAMBLEX and high wind speeds were observed for brief periods only.The NAMBLEX experiment focussed on a detailed assessment of photochemistry in the marine environment, investigating the linkage between the HO x and the halogen radical cycles. Heterogeneous losses are important in both these cycles. In this paper loss rates of gaseous species to aerosol surfaces were calculated for a range of uptake coefficients. Even when the accommodation coefficient is unity, lifetimes due to heterogeneous loss of less than 10 s were never observed and rarely were they less than 500 s. Diffusional limitation to mass transfer is important in most conditions as the coarse mode is always significant. We calculate a minimum overestimate of 50% in the loss rate if this is neglected and so it should always be considered when calculating loss rates of gaseous species to particle surfaces. HO 2 and HOI have accommodation coefficients of around 0.03 and hence we calculate lifetimes due to loss to particle surfaces of 2000 s or greater under the conditions experienced during NAMBLEX.Correspondence to: H. Coe (hugh.coe@manchester.ac.uk) Aerosol composition data collected during this experiment provide representative information on the input aerosol characteristics to western Europe. During NAMBLEX the submicron aerosol was predominately acidified sulphate and organic material, which was most likely internally mixed. The remaining accumulation mode aerosol was sea salt. The organic and sulphate fractions were approximately equally important, though the mass ratio varies considerably between air masses. Mass spectral fingerprints of the organic fraction in polluted conditions are similar to those observed at other locations that are characterised by aged continental aerosol. In marine conditions, the background input of both sulphate and organic aerosol into Europe was observed to be between 0.5 and 1µg m −3 . Key differences in the mass spectra were observed during the few clean periods but were insufficient to ascertain whether these changes reflect differences in the source fingerprint of the organic aerosol. The coarse mode was composed of sea salt and showed significant displacement of chloride by nitrate and to a lesser extent sulphate in polluted conditio...

show abstract

Submicron sea spray fluxes

Cited by 110 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble‐produced aerosol particles

Effect of soluble surfactant on bubble persistence and bubble‐produced aerosol particles

Aerosol distribution over Europe: a model evaluation study with detailed aerosol microphysics

Chemical and physical characteristics of aerosol particles at a remote coastal location, Mace Head, Ireland, during NAMBLEX

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About