Subnanosecond rise time pulses from injection lasers

Vanderwall, Jonathan; Hattery, Walter V.; Sztankay, Zoltan G.

doi:10.1109/jqe.1974.1068196

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Figure 7 shows the driving circuit used to generate sharp short pulses in order to measure short lifetimes. This circuit is based on the avalanche breakdown pulse operation of the 2N2369 small signal NPN transistor [51,52,53,54], which exhibits avalanching with performance similar to transistors dedicated to avalanche at a lower price [15]. The amplitude and width of the generated electrical pulses can be tuned by V+ and C1 capacitor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Point-of-Care Device for Molecular Diagnosis Based on CMOS SPAD Detectors with Integrated Microfluidics

Canals¹,

Franch²,

Alonso³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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We describe the integration of techniques and technologies to develop a Point-of-Care for molecular diagnosis PoC-MD, based on a fluorescence lifetime measurement. Our PoC-MD is a low-cost, simple, fast, and easy-to-use general-purpose platform, aimed at carrying out fast diagnostics test through label detection of a variety of biomarkers. It is based on a 1-D array of 10 ultra-sensitive Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detectors made in a 0.18 μm High-Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (HV-CMOS) technology. A custom microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane cartridge to insert the sample is straightforwardly positioned on top of the SPAD array without any alignment procedure with the SPAD array. Moreover, the proximity between the sample and the gate-operated SPAD sensor makes unnecessary any lens or optical filters to detect the fluorescence for long lifetime fluorescent dyes, such as quantum dots. Additionally, the use of a low-cost laser diode as pulsed excitation source and a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to implement the control and processing electronics, makes the device flexible and easy to adapt to the target label molecule by only changing the laser diode. Using this device, reliable and sensitive real-time proof-of-concept fluorescence lifetime measurement of quantum dot QdotTM 605 streptavidin conjugate is demonstrated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Point-of-Care Device for Molecular Diagnosis Based on CMOS SPAD Detectors with Integrated Microfluidics

Canals¹,

Franch²,

Alonso³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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show abstract

“…A number of avalanche transistor circuits have been described that can be used to drive LEDs. [11][12][13][14][15] Some component tweaking is usually necessary to obtain an inexpensive hand built circuit that performs optimally.…”

Section: B Avalanche Pulser Led Driver Circuit For Waveform Acquisitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to our observations and those of others, their operation in avalanche mode is stable and long term. 12,14,15 These transistors have a typical unit costs of $0.05. Although many small signal transistors can exhibit avalanching, the presence of avalanching and the observed performance depend on the manufacturer and production lot; two of the same numbered transistors from different sources might exhibit different behavior.…”

Section: B Avalanche Pulser Led Driver Circuit For Waveform Acquisitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of luminescence decays: High performance at low cost

Sulkes

2011

American Journal of Physics

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The availability of inexpensive ultra bright LEDs spanning the visible and near-ultraviolet combined with the availability of inexpensive electronics equipment makes it possible to construct a high performance luminescence lifetime apparatus ($5 ns instrumental response or better) at low cost. A central need for time domain measurement systems is the ability to obtain short ($1 ns or less) excitation light pulses from the LEDs. It is possible to build the necessary LED driver using a simple avalanche transistor circuit. We describe first a circuit to test for small signal NPN transistors that can avalanche. We then describe a final optimized avalanche mode circuit that we developed on a prototyping board by measuring driven light pulse duration as a function of the circuit on the board and passive component values. We demonstrate that the combination of the LED pulser and a 1P28 photomultiplier tube used in decay waveform acquisition has a time response that allows for detection and lifetime determination of luminescence decays down to $5 ns. The time response and data quality afforded with the same components in time-correlated single photon counting are even better. For time-correlated single photon counting an even simpler NAND-gate based LED driver circuit is also applicable. We also demonstrate the possible utility of a simple frequency domain method for luminescence lifetime determinations. V

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“…The time delay and jitter between the trigger signal and the output pulse from the lasers are determined by four components (and the propagation delay between them): (1) the avalanche transistor which drives the trigger laser, (2) the trigger laser, (3) the PCSS, and (4) the output lasers. The avalanche transistor and trigger laser are relatively small, low current devices with a 8-10 ns delay and 50-200 ps jitter.…”

Section: Delay Jitter and Peak Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Compact short-pulse laser for near-field range-gated imaging</title>

et al. 1997

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This paper describes a compact laser, which produces high power, wide-angle emission for a near-field, range-gated, imaging system. The optical pulses are produced by a 100 element laser diode array (LDA) which is pulsed with a GaAs, photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS). The LDA generates 100 ps long, gain-switched, optical pulses at 904 nm when it is driven with 3 ns, 400 A, electrical pulses from a high gain PCSS. Gain switching is facilitated with this many lasers by using a low impedance circuit to drive an array of lasers, which are connected electrically in series. The total optical energy produced per pulse is 10 microjoules corresponding to a total peak power of 100 kW. The entire laser system, including prime power (a nine volt battery), pulse charging, PCSS, and LDA, is the size of a small, hand-held flashlight. System lifetime, which is presently limited by the high gain PCSS, is an active area of research and development. Present limitations and potential improvements will be discussed.The complete range-gated imaging system is based on complementary technologies: high speed optical gating with intensified charge coupled devices (ICCD) developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and high gain, PCSS-driven LDAs developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). The system is designed for use in highly scattering media such as turbid water or extremeIy dense fog or smoke. The short optical pulses from the laser and high speed gating of the ICCD are synchronized to eliminate the back-scattered light from outside the depth of the field of view (FOV) which may be as short as a few centimeters. A high speed photodiode can be used to trigger the intensifier gate and set the range-gated FOV precisely on the target.The ICCD and other aspects of the imaging system are discussed in a separate paper'.

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Subnanosecond rise time pulses from injection lasers

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

A Point-of-Care Device for Molecular Diagnosis Based on CMOS SPAD Detectors with Integrated Microfluidics

A Point-of-Care Device for Molecular Diagnosis Based on CMOS SPAD Detectors with Integrated Microfluidics

Measurement of luminescence decays: High performance at low cost

<title>Compact short-pulse laser for near-field range-gated imaging</title>

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