Subnational variation in forest protection in the Argentine Chaco

Milmanda, Belén Fernández; Garay, Candelaria

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.002

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…First, all the identified perspectives highlight the need for greater participation in the land-use regulation process. This is in line with the findings from other authors [11,12]. Second, there is general consensus that the government has enough resources to address the issue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Their right to land is overwhelmingly recognized in the form of official private property rights. The Salta province is known for its powerful elite class of agricultural producers, who are well organized in lobbying groups with names like ProGrano, FederSal, and AgroNoa [11].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the province is characterized by the presence of various important stakeholder groups, including small-scale farmers, indigenous peoples, large-scale agricultural producers, civil-society actors, and government authorities-whose perceptions of land-use change and land tenure tend to diverge strongly [5][6][7][8]. Third, the legal framework surrounding land use in Argentina has been subject to considerable scrutiny-the implementation of the so-called "forest law" of 2009, in particular, has been strongly criticized [9][10][11][12]. Based on the forest law, an updated land-use map presented in 2016 indicated that over half of the deforestation in Salta was illegal [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

2020

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In a world characterized by ongoing overexploitation of finite resources—such as land and forests—stakeholder conflicts over use of remaining resources occur frequently and are likely to intensify. There is increasing awareness of the need to better understand individual stakeholders’ perspectives, which often condition behavior, in order to address conflicts and inform wider policymaking. We used the Q method to capture the perspectives of diverse stakeholders and highlight consensus and distinguishing statements. Our results bring to the fore three main perspectives on deforestation (development, family agriculture, and subsistence) and several points of agreement and disagreement. The strongest disagreement concerns the benefits and costs of deforestation: the development perspective portrays benefits as mutual and costs as marginal, whereas the family agriculture and subsistence perspectives associate no benefits and extreme costs with deforestation—including loss of livelihoods and culture. Nevertheless, stakeholder consensus emerges on other points—especially the need for participatory long-term strategies of land use. This paper shows how the Q method can be applied to better understand land-use conflicts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

2020

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“…Argentina cut approximately 400,000 ha of tree cover a year between 2004 and 2007, with a peak loss of 608,414 in 2008. Unlike other countries and regions where the extraction and export of timber are important drivers of deforestation, in Argentina, deforestation results from the expansion of the agricultural frontier, mostly due to the growth of soybean and other crops and the displacement of livestock to new lands in the north of the country (Dirección de Bosques 2002-2005Fernández Milmanda and Garay 2019). Deforestation, one of the most persistent environmental problems of the developing world and a key contributor to climate change, lies at the intersection of economic demands and state strength.…”

Section: The Political Economy Of Deforestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The OTBN is complemented with other instruments (Aguiar et al 2018;Fernández Milmanda and Garay 2019): (1) land-use change plans (required for any activity that involves clearing), (2) hearings and public consultations (also required for activities that involve clearing), (3) environmental impact studies (required for different types of activities), (4) monetary sanctions (for any infraction or breach of the law), and (5) the National Fund for the Enrichment and Conservation of Native Forests (intended to compensate only for activities that do not involve clearing and that favor the conservation, recovery, and/or sustainable management of the forests).…”

Section: The Forest Law In Argentinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Between the Global Commodity Boom and Subnational State Capacities: Payment for Environmental Services to Fight Deforestation in Argentina

Alcañiz¹,

Gutiérrez

2020

Global Environmental Politics

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Does subnational state capacity stop deforestation? The commodity boom of the 2000s significantly expanded the agriculture frontier in most provinces of Argentina, with devastating effects on native forests. Interestingly, some of the subnational governments that presided over the commodities supercycle also sought to reform the forestry sector to reduce rampant deforestation, despite promoting and benefiting from agricultural expansion. A national program to protect native forests through payment for environmental services (PES) was created to be implemented in local districts. We argue that the success of new forest protections is contingent on the capacity of subnational governments to implement the law. In our study, we find that changes in provincial deforestation rates are explained by the interaction of state capacity, on one hand, and high land prices driven by commodity pressures, on the other. Our research carries implications for students and practitioners of forest PES. Our findings underscore the fundamental role subnational state governments play in climate change mitigation and adaptation.

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The dialectics of capital: learning from Gran Chaco

2022

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The critical impact of humans on the biosphere has led scientists to coin the term Anthropocene. The global environmental changes associated with it are happening under the aegis of capitalism. A transition towards sustainability requires a critical scrutiny of capitalism. The social–ecological system (SES) approach conceptualises the relationship between the socio-economic subsystem and the biosphere. However, in its various operationalisations it either treats the former as a black box or it fails to capture dynamic aspects. We address these limits and develop a Dialectical Socio-Ecological System (D-SES) framework, which combines process ecology with historical materialism, to describe the emergence and persistence of capitalist dynamics. We draw on data collected through fieldwork and desk research and deploy our framework to study capital-intensive agriculture in the Chaco Salteño, an important agricultural frontier in South America, obtaining some general insights. We open up the socio-economic subsystem and break it down into a lower-level material/economic sphere and an upper-level cultural/institutional sphere. Capitalist dynamics emerge out of the peculiar relationships occurring both within and between these spheres. This configuration shows the typical signs of autocatalysis. It attracts resources and capital to expand itself (centripetality). It becomes more complex and organised over time, fine-tuning production modes, cultures, and institutions (directionality). It is subject to the laws of competition and profit maximisation, which emerge independently from the individual actors and processes making up the system (autonomy). Finally, it engenders frictions, reflecting class antagonism between the direct producers and the appropriators of wealth. These frictions can become leverage points for a system’s transformation.

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Subnational variation in forest protection in the Argentine Chaco

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

Land-Use Conflict in the Gran Chaco: Finding Common Ground through Use of the Q Method

Between the Global Commodity Boom and Subnational State Capacities: Payment for Environmental Services to Fight Deforestation in Argentina

The dialectics of capital: learning from Gran Chaco

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