Subspecies discrimination of staphylococci from revision arthroplasties by ribotyping

Crichton, Pamela B.; Anderson, Lee; Phillips, G.; Davey, Peter; Rowley, D.I.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(95)90154-x

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our study confirms the high prevalence of S. epidermidis in orthopedic surgery, irrespective of its involvement in a pathological process (6,15,16). Over 70% of isolated strains belonged to this species.…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…These three species have previously been reported as agents of BJI (1,3,6,8,16,19,20,24). Five of the species that were never significant in our study have also been reported to have little or no pathogenicity: S. warneri, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. pasteuri, and S. cohnii (4,6,10,12,14,16,25). Finally, S. simulans and S. schleiferi deserve further examination, as both have been involved in a few cases of BJI (5,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance

et al. 2005

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A total of 212 coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains recovered prospectively during 119 surgeries for proven or suspected bone and joint infection (BJI) were identified by sodA sequencing. These strains were identified as 151 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, 15 S. warneri isolates, 14 S. capitis isolates, 9 S. hominis isolates, 6 S. lugdunensis isolates, 5 S. haemolyticus isolates, 4 S. caprae isolates, 4 S. pasteuri isolates, 3 S. simulans isolates, and 1 S. cohnii isolate. Only S. epidermidis, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, and S. caprae were found to be infecting organisms and were involved, respectively, in 35 (81.4%), 3 (7.0%), 3 (7.0%), and 2 (4.6%) cases of BJI.Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) strains are a leading cause of arthroplastic infections, accounting for 15 to 37.5% of isolates recovered from peroperative samples (13). Staphylococcus epidermidis is the main species responsible for these infections and for other device-related bone and joint infections (BJI). There are some reports of true BJI caused by CoNS species other than S. epidermidis, including S. caprae (1), S. lugdunensis (24), and S. simulans (18). However, no prospective study has specifically addressed the species distribution of CoNS strains in BJI. Identification of CoNS strains to the species level has long been an obstacle preventing this question from being answered satisfactorily. PCR-based sequencing methods can now accurately identify a wide spectrum of Staphylococcus species (7,11,17). In this 4-year prospective study, we used sodA sequencing to identify CoNS species associated with BJI.All surgical procedures performed in the orthopedic department of Raymond Poincaré hospital (Garches, France) between January 1999 and December 2002 for proven or suspected BJI were studied prospectively. We included all procedures in which at least three independent samples were collected during the same operative procedure, at least one sample was positive for a CoNS strain, and no samples were positive for organisms other than CoNS strains. The samples were processed in a class 2 laminar-flow safety cabinet. A portion of the sample was Gram stained, and the remainder was used to inoculate 10 ml of Schaedler broth (BioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). After agitation, aliquots were used to inoculate chocolate agar plates (incubated in 5% CO 2 ) and blood agar plates (incubated aerobically and anaerobically). The plates were examined daily for 7 days. Broths were subcultured after 1 and 5 days. The "CoNS group" was identified by Gram staining, catalase testing, Slidex latex agglutination testing (BioMérieux), and tube coagulase testing (Bio-Rad, Marnes la Coquette, France). Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (Bio-Rad). Strains were identified to the species level by partial sodA sequencing (17) as described recently by our group (21). We used the definitions and criteria recommended by the OSIRIS (Oxford Skeletal Infection Research and Intervention Service) group (2). CoNS...

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supporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance

et al. 2005

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“…This organism has been associated with the development of urinary tract infections in patients in developing countries (30) and has been responsible for the development of pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient (31). There is one report of this organism being cultured from a revision arthroplasty (32).…”

Section: Cases 2 and 3 -Alteration Of Leaflet Valve Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoinflation of Saline-Filled Inflatable Breast Implants

Peters

2006

Canadian Journal of Plastic Surgery

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Spontaneous autoinflation of saline-filled breast implants is a rare phenomenon; only 20 cases have been reported in the world literature. Over the past seven years, three patients have presented with significant unilateral autoinflation of their smooth, single-lumen, round, saline-filled implants. This developed at various times: progressively over 23 years with a Simaplast implant; between the ninth and 10th year after augmentation with a leaflet valve implant; and slowly over the first four years with a leaflet valve implant. The etiology of the autoinflation was shown to be different for the two types of implants. The Simaplast implant had likely been injected with a hypertonic filling solution -one that was twice as concentrated as 'normal saline'. This would have created an osmotic gradient, which would have facilitated autoexpansion by diffusion. The implant solution remained clear and transparent. In addition, there were no detectable levels of glucose, uric acid or albumin in the fluid. By contrast, auto-inflation of the leaflet valve implants likely resulted from mechanical alterations of the valve mechanism. This type of implant is known to have a high deflation rate, with frequent partial deflations. It is interesting that one of the patients with the leaflet valve implants presented with an autoexpansion on one side and a partial deflation on the other side. Both implants were from the same lot number. The same mechanism that caused partial deflations may have also allowed fluid from the implant pocket to pass through the valve into the lumen of these implants. This could allow glucose, protein and cellular elements to enter into the lumen (these would not pass through an intact elastomeric shell) which would create an osmotic gradient, allowing water to enter the elastomeric shell by diffusion. The fluid in these leaflet valve implants was brownish yellow, very viscous and turbid. It contained elevated levels of glucose and uric acid which would not have passed through the elastomeric shell. Over the past 10 years, four different theories have been proposed in an attempt to explain the etiology of autoinflation. However, the findings of the present study indicate that there are only two mechanisms -a hypertonic filling solution and alterations of the valve mechanism.Key Words: Autoinflation; Saline-filled breast implants L'autogonflement des implants mammaires remplis de sérum physiologique L'autogonflement spontané des implants mammaires remplis de sérum physiologique est un phénomène rare, puisque 20 cas seulement ont été déclarés dans les publications mondiales. Depuis sept ans, trois patients ont présenté un autogonflement unilatéral important de leurs implants remplis de sérum physiologique ronds, souples et monolumières. Cette occurrence se déclare à divers moments : progressivement, sur une période de 23 ans, avec des implants Simaplast; entre la neuvième et la dixième année suivant l'augmentation mammaire avec des implants avec valve; et lentement, au cours des quatre premières années, avec...

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“…The latter included representative isolates from each of the years 1985 to 1993 and others with plasmid profiles different from the majority type 6: from Dundee patients (25); from patients in other parts of Scotland, including four recently returned from abroad (18); from spring water (1); from the hospital outbreak (4); and from poultry (9).…”

Section: Extraction Of Cellular Dna From 110 Isolates Of Salmonella Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5~ NaOH for 30min and transferred by capillary blotting to Hybond-N membranes (Amersham) with alkali buffer (0.25 M NaOH, 1.5 M NaCl). Membrane hybridisations and washes were carried out at 65°C as described previously [24,25]. The bound probe was visualised after exposure of the membrane to Hyperfilm (Amersham) for 1-6h at -70°C and development of the film in a Dupont Cronex T-6 Processor.…”

Section: Southern Hybridisationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of strains of Salmonella serotype Livingstone by multiple typing

Crichton

Old

Taylor

et al. 1996

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Isolates of Salmonella serotype Livingstone (6,7:d: 1,w) from man, water and various animals and animal products in Canada, England, France, Israel and Scotland were examined for ribotype, biotype and plasmid profde. Analysis by these methods indicated that an epidemic strain of Livingstone of ribotype lhiotype 8/plasmid-type 6 was responsible for the major upsurge of Livingstone infection that occurred in man in Tayside (Scotland) between 1989 and 1991; that type was also isolated from spring water, animal feed and poultry. Livingstone isolates of ribotype lhiotype 8 with plasmid profiles other than type 6 were also present in Scotland, England and France at that same time. Among representative Livingstone isolates from England, a strain of ribotype 2hiotype 1 was predominant in man and poultry products between 1988 and 1992, although strains of other ribotypes (1, 3 and 4) were also present. Strains of ribotype 3 of different biotypes were obtained from poultry and animal feed sources in Canada. A strain of ribotype Shiotype 3 caused human infections in Israel between 1968 and 1992. Ribotyping, biotyping and plasmid profile analysis used together have helped to trace the sources and extent of spread of human infections caused by Salmonella Livingstone.

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Subspecies discrimination of staphylococci from revision arthroplasties by ribotyping

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance

Use of Genotypic Identification by sodA Sequencing in a Prospective Study To Examine the Distribution of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species among Strains Recovered during Septic Orthopedic Surgery and Evaluate Their Significance

Autoinflation of Saline-Filled Inflatable Breast Implants

Characterisation of strains of Salmonella serotype Livingstone by multiple typing

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