Substantial variation in leaf senescence times among 1360 temperate woody plant species: implications for phenology and ecosystem processes

Panchen, Zoe A.; Primack, Richard B.; Gallinat, Amanda S.; Nordt, Birgit; Stevens, Albert-Dieter; Du, Yanjun; Fahey, Robert T.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcv015

Cited by 81 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This highlights the importance of shifting autumn events in studying large‐scale phenological change, despite their being relatively understudied as compared to spring events (Gallinat et al ., ). The between‐ and within‐species asynchrony in leaf senescence, the complex mix of drivers involved and the lack of a precise definition for EOS are some of the challenges involved in studying leaf senescence at large scales (Gallinat et al ., ; Panchen et al ., ). Indeed, amongst the LSP studies reviewed in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…LSP incorporates the effects of soil and snow (Kathuroju et al ., ) as well as anthropogenic disturbance or fires (White et al ., ). Upscaling ground phenological information to an NDVI 3g pixel footprint requires taking into account not only interspecific variation in phenological state – which may be important (Gill et al ., ; Panchen et al ., ), but also the influence of the entire landscape on the NDVI (Fisher et al ., ). That is why establishing a relationship between NDVI‐derived metrics and plant‐physiological events remains a challenge (D'Odorico et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability and evolution of global land surface phenology over the past three decades (1982–2012)

Garonna

Jong

Schaepman

2016

Global Change Biology

142

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Monitoring Land Surface Phenology (LSP) is important for understanding both the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems to the climate system, and for representing these accurately in terrestrial biosphere models. Moreover, by shedding light on phenological trends at a variety of scales, LSP has the potential to fill the gap between traditional phenological (field) observations and the large-scale view of global models. In this study, we review and evaluate the variability and evolution of satellite-derived Growing Season Length (GSL) globally and over the past three decades. We used the longest continuous record of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data available to date at global scale to derive LSP metrics consistently over all vegetated land areas and for the period 1982-2012. We tested GSL, Start-and End-Of Season metrics (SOS and EOS, respectively) for linear trends as well as for significant trend shifts over the study period. We evaluated trends using global environmental stratification information in place of commonly used land cover maps to avoid circular findings. Our results confirmed an average lengthening of the growing season globally during 1982-2012-averaging 0.22-0.34 days/year, but with spatially heterogeneous trends. 13-19% of global land areas displayed significant GSL change, and over 30% of trends occurred in the boreal/alpine biome of the Northern Hemisphere, which showed diverging GSL evolution over the past 3 decades. Within this biome, the "Cold and Mesic" environmental zone appeared as an LSP change hotspot. We also examined the relative contribution of SOS and EOS to the overall changes, finding that EOS trends were generally stronger and more prevalent than SOS trends. These findings constitute a step towards the identification of large-scale phenological drivers of vegetated land surfaces, necessary for improving phenological representation in terrestrial biosphere models.44-6355215 vi. Keywords land surface phenology, GIMMS 3g , vegetation activity, growing season length, spring and autumn phenology ABSTRACT Monitoring Land Surface Phenology (LSP) is important for understanding both the responses and feedbacks of ecosystems to the climate system, and for representing these accurately in terrestrial biosphere models. Moreover, by shedding light on phenological trends at a variety of scales, LSP has the potential to fill the gap between traditional phenological (field) observations and the large-scale view of global models. In this study, we review and evaluate the variability and evolution of satellite-derived Growing Season Length (GSL) globally and over the past three decades. We used the longest continuous record of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data available to date at global scale to derive LSP metrics consistently over all vegetated land areas and for the period 1982-2012. We tested GSL, Start-and End-Of Season metrics (SOS and EOS, respectively) for linear trends as well as for significant trend shifts over the study period. We evaluated trends usi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and evolution of global land surface phenology over the past three decades (1982–2012)

Garonna

Jong

Schaepman

2016

Global Change Biology

142

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“…Current studies of leaf senescence are generally based on either species-specific long-term in situ observations (Menzel et al, 2006;Panchen et al, 2015), or on remote-sensing based observations (Garonna et al, 2014;Jeong, HO, GIM, & Brown,2011;Julien & Sobrino, 2009;Liu et al, 2016b;Shen, Piao, Cong, Zhang, & Jassens, 2015;Xie et al, 2015). While manipulation experiments have been conducted, only few have studied the autumn phase in relation to climate change, as opposed to spring (Wolkovich et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larger temperature response of autumn leaf senescence than spring leaf‐out phenology

Piao

Delpierre

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

152

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Climate warming is substantially shifting the leaf phenological events of plants, and thereby impacting on their individual fitness and also on the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Previous studies have largely focused on the climate impact on spring phenology, and to date the processes underlying leaf senescence and their associated environmental drivers remain poorly understood. In this study, experiments with temperature gradients imposed during the summer and autumn were conducted on saplings of European beech to explore the temperature responses of leaf senescence. An additional warming experiment during winter enabled us to assess the differences in temperature responses of spring leaf-out and autumn leaf senescence. We found that warming significantly delayed the dates of leaf senescence both during summer and autumn warming, with similar temperature sensitivities (6-8 days delay per °C warming), suggesting that, in the absence of water and nutrient limitation, temperature may be a dominant factor controlling the leaf senescence in European beech. Interestingly, we found a significantly larger temperature response of autumn leaf senescence than of spring leaf-out. This suggests a possible larger contribution of delays in autumn senescence, than of the advancement in spring leaf-out, to extending the growing season under future warmer conditions.

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“…Little is known about how increased temperature will affect plant populations with mixed levels of responsiveness to these temperature signals. Furthermore, though many plant species express genetic variation for temperature‐dependent phenology (Doi, Takahashi, & Katano, ; Panchen et al, ; Parmesan & Hanley, ), few studies have manipulated the genotypic basis of specific temperature responses (Altpeter et al, ; Jung & Muller, ; McClung, ). However, the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) can provide mechanistic insight into ecological outcomes that depend on phenology since its temperature‐ and competition‐responsive genetic networks have been well elucidated (Blumel, Dally, & Jung, ; Bouche, Lobet, Tocquin, & Perilleux, ; Glover, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological and fitness responses to climate warming depend upon genotype and competitive neighbourhood in Arabidopsis thaliana

2019

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Increasing temperatures during climate change are known to alter the phenology across diverse plant taxa, but the evolutionary outcomes of these shifts are poorly understood. Moreover, plant temperature‐sensing pathways are known to interact with competition‐sensing pathways, yet there remains little experimental evidence for how genotypes varying in temperature responsiveness react to warming in realistic competitive settings. We compared flowering time and fitness responses to warming and competition for two near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of Arabidopsis thaliana transgressively segregating temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive alleles for major‐effect flowering time genes. We grew focal plants of each genotype in intraspecific and interspecific competition in four treatments contrasting daily temperature profiles in summer and fall under contemporary and warmed conditions. We measured phenology and fitness of focal plants to quantify plastic responses to season, temperature and competition and the dependence of these responses on flowering time genotype. The temperature‐insensitive NIL was constitutively early flowering and less fit, except in a future‐summer climate in which its fitness was higher than the later flowering, temperature‐sensitive NIL in low competition. The late‐flowering NIL showed accelerated flowering in response to intragenotypic competition and to increased temperature in the summer but delayed flowering in the fall. However, its fitness fell with rising temperatures in both seasons, and in the fall its marginal fitness gain from decreasing competition was diminished in the future. Functional alleles at temperature‐responsive genes were necessary for plastic responses to season, warming and competition. However, the plastic genotype was not the most fit in every experimental condition, becoming less fit than the temperature‐canalized genotype in the warm summer treatment. Climate change is often predicted to have deleterious effects on plant populations, and our results show how increased temperatures can act through genotype‐dependent phenology to decrease fitness. Furthermore, plasticity is not necessarily adaptive in rapidly changing environments since a nonplastic genotype proved fitter than a plastic genotype in a warming climate treatment. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13262/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Substantial variation in leaf senescence times among 1360 temperate woody plant species: implications for phenology and ecosystem processes

Cited by 81 publications

References 47 publications

Variability and evolution of global land surface phenology over the past three decades (1982–2012)

Variability and evolution of global land surface phenology over the past three decades (1982–2012)

Larger temperature response of autumn leaf senescence than spring leaf‐out phenology

Phenological and fitness responses to climate warming depend upon genotype and competitive neighbourhood in Arabidopsis thaliana

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