Substantiation of the Optimal Level of Tractors’ Operation in Agricultural Production

Abstract

The process of operation of tractors is inextricably linked with conditions that affect their performance. These conditions include operational, organizational and climatic conditions on the one hand and technical operation on the other, i.e. the technique is influenced by operating conditions. A comprehensive, dimensionless indicator of the operating conditions of tractors in agricultural production is the level of their operation. The level of operation of the tractor, this is the state of their operation on the farm, which is determined by the degree of implementation of measures for the technical operation of equipment and the percentage of tractors involved in labor-intensive processes when used for their intended purpose. The theoretical level of operation of the tractor can vary from 0 to 1. At the same time, 1-corresponds to the state of operation of the tractor, in which the resource consumption is minimal, i.e. the degree of implementation of the generalized factors of technical operation meets the requirements of State standard and the tractor performs work with the lowest resistivity; 0 -theoretical, corresponds to the state of operation of the tractor, in which the resource consumption is maximum, i.e. technical operation of the tractor is not performed and the tractor performs work with maximum resistivity. The article discusses the optimization of the level of operation of tractors, presents a methodology for optimizing this indicator and provides a calculation using the example of farms in the Republic of Tatarstan. Regularities of changes in unit costs for eliminating failures and downtime depending on the level of operation of tractors are obtained. Calculations are given to justify the optimal values of operating hours before repair, between repairs and operating hours before decommissioning, depending on various values of the level of operation of tractors.