Substitution effect of renewable portfolio standards and renewable energy certificate trading for feed-in tariff

Zhang, Qi; Wang, Ge; Li, Yan; Li, Hailong; McLellan, Benjamin; Chen, Siyuan

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.118

Cited by 104 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although it has a strong theoretical significance, this RPS policy will not be implemented in China. Since FiT can promote renewable energy investment in the primary stage of the renewable energy power generation industry, and RPS can effectively reduce the pressure of the national renewable energy fund subsidy, some scholars believe that in the current stage, China should implement FiT and RPS comprehensively, and gradually shift from the complete FiT scheme to the RPS [20,24,30]. Wang et al [31] designed an RPS implementation mechanism in line with China's renewable energy development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study on China’s Renewable Energy Policy Reform and Improved Design of Renewable Portfolio Standard

et al. 2019

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China officially implemented the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) on 1 January 2019, and it remains uncertain as to whether this can effectively solve the problem of renewable energy consumption in China and ease the pressure of government subsidies. In order to study the impact of this policy on China's renewable energy power generation and explore RPS policy that is more suitable for the characteristics of China's renewable energy, we first develop a revenue function model based on the just released RPS policy to explore the effectiveness of the policy, the feasibility conditions for successful implementation, and the problems that may be encountered during the implementation process. Then, we propose policy recommendations based on the possible problems of the current policy and design an "incremental electricity price" supplementary policy to improve the possibility of successful implementation of the RPS policy. Finally, an evolutionary game model is established to simulate and verify the possibility of successful implementation of the supplementary policy. The main research results are: (1) the essence of the current RPS policy is the comprehensive implementation policy of the RPS and feed-in-tariff (FiT); (2) because of the characteristics of China's energy structure, the implementation of this policy reform is more resistant; (3) the quantitative research on the revenue function model shows that the current transaction price of the green certificate market is very low, which is not conducive to alleviating the state's subsidy pressure on renewable energy power generation; and (4) analysis of empirical data shows that the successful implementation of the "incremental electricity price" policy relies on the initial strategies of grid companies and users. , the feasibility of successful implementation, and the problems that may be encountered during implementation. Then, based on the above analysis, a policy more suitable for the development of China's renewable energy power generation is designed to improve the possibility of successful implementation of the RPS mechanism in China. Review of the Literatures Research on Renewable Portfolio Standard Policy ApplicationThe number of FiT adopters increased from 2 in 1990 to approximately 70 in 2018, while RPS adopters increased from 1 in 1999 to approximately 15 in 2018. Countries from every geographic region and income level have adopted these policies. Contrary to what rational self-interested actors would do based on costs, benefits, and utility maximization, some of the top oil exporters in the world have adopted RPS or FiT. These countries include Iran and the United Arab Emirates in the Middle East, Kazakhstan in Asia, Nigeria and Algeria in Africa, Norway and the United Kingdom in Europe, and Brazil in the Americas and so on [11][12][13].The analysis of an effective support policy is the basis for promoting the development of renewable energy. Like China, several other countries have also experienced policy reforms from RPS to FiT or from FiT to RPS. Ac...

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Study on China’s Renewable Energy Policy Reform and Improved Design of Renewable Portfolio Standard

et al. 2019

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“…The cost of power trading is the product of amount of energy traded and the price M p (from Figure 2) as shown in Equation (14). The E t Tu f energy of community MG is sold to the utility and the fog's data center at M p price.…”

Section: Contract For Energy Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The E t Tu f energy of community MG is sold to the utility and the fog's data center at M p price. The cost (C t Tu f ) of energy trade with utility and the fog is calculated with Equation (14).…”

Section: Contract For Energy Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equation (13) finds the amount of MG's energy utilized within the community. Equation (14) calculates the cost of MG's trading energy. The fog's power demand is fulfilled with Equation (15) following Equation (16).…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The governments offer subsidized RES to their public for social welfare to reduce the dependency on conventional power generators. However, willingness to payback was not considered consequently, in 2012 Spain stopped subsidizing on PhotoVoltaics (PV) power generators and European countries partially stopped such schemes [14,15]. Hence, energy trading strategies are inevitable to integrate RES in existing power system for the fulfillment of economical and environment friendly power demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost Efficient Real Time Electricity Management Services for Green Community Using Fog

et al. 2020

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The computing devices in data centers of cloud and fog remain in continues running cycle to provide services. The long execution state of large number of computing devices consumes a significant amount of power, which emits an equivalent amount of heat in the environment. The performance of the devices is compromised in heating environment. The high powered cooling systems are installed to cool the data centers. Accordingly, data centers demand high electricity for computing devices and cooling systems. Moreover, in Smart Grid (SG) managing energy consumption to reduce the electricity cost for consumers and minimum rely on fossil fuel based power supply (utility) is an interesting domain for researchers. The SG applications are time-sensitive. In this paper, fog based model is proposed for a community to ensure real-time energy management service provision. Three scenarios are implemented to analyze cost efficient energy management for power-users. In first scenario, community’s and fog’s power demand is fulfilled from the utility. In second scenario, community’s Renewable Energy Resources (RES) based Microgrid (MG) is integrated with the utility to meet the demand. In third scenario, the demand is fulfilled by integrating fog’s MG, community’s MG and the utility. In the scenarios, the energy demand of fog is evaluated with proposed mechanism. The required amount of energy to run computing devices against number of requests and amount of power require cooling down the devices are calculated to find energy demand by fog’s data center. The simulations of case studies show that the energy cost to meet the demand of the community and fog’s data center in third scenario is 15.09% and 1.2% more efficient as compared to first and second scenarios, respectively. In this paper, an energy contract is also proposed that ensures the participation of all power generating stakeholders. The results advocate the cost efficiency of proposed contract as compared to third scenario. The integration of RES reduce the energy cost and reduce emission of CO 2 . The simulations for energy management and plots of results are performed in Matlab. The simulation for fog’s resource management, measuring processing, and response time are performed in CloudAnalyst.

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Conception and policy implications of photovoltaic modules end‐of‐life management in China

Wang

Shen

et al. 2020

WIREs Energy & Environment

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China has become the world's largest market for photovoltaic (PV). Effective management of end-of-life PV components is critical to the sustainable development of renewable energy. However, the scale of PV recycle industry is still small in China, and there is a lack of supporting policies and public attention. Issues and solutions regarding PV end-of-life management have not been well covered by the research community, and this article aimed at filling this gap. This article first examined the growing need for PV modules end-of-life management in China as a result of rapid PV installation expansion fueled by governments' policy promotion and fiscal incentives, especially with special programs such as the Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Initiative. Then, factors leading to the PV components recycling issues, policies adopted in other countries and regions to promote PV recycle, and various business modes that can be applied to enable PV recycle were reviewed. Finally, a more effective institutional hierarchy was presented for PV modules end-of-life management, with a set of specific recommendations on actions that can help strengthen PV end-of-life management.

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Substitution effect of renewable portfolio standards and renewable energy certificate trading for feed-in tariff

Cited by 104 publications

References 28 publications

Study on China’s Renewable Energy Policy Reform and Improved Design of Renewable Portfolio Standard

Study on China’s Renewable Energy Policy Reform and Improved Design of Renewable Portfolio Standard

Cost Efficient Real Time Electricity Management Services for Green Community Using Fog

Conception and policy implications of photovoltaic modules end‐of‐life management in China

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