Subsurface exploration and chronology of underfit streams

Dury, G. H.

doi:10.3133/pp452b

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The new paleohydrographs presented here provide new insights into the ice-age legacy imprinted on the major rivers of the continent and quantify the mid-20th-century observation that many North American rivers are "underfit" in their glacial-meltwater-carved valleys (Dury, 1964). These paleohydrographs and drainage basin changes provide the paleogeographic framework for new advances in paleohydrology and fluvial geomorphology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Combining these meltwater routing patterns with proglacial lakes and changing land cover will allow equations designed to predict sediment yield from large catchments to be employed for a continental-scale paleo-sediment-discharge reconstruction (following Overeem et al, 2005;Kettner and Syvitski, 2008;Pelletier, 2012;Cohen et al, 2013), with modern control provided by present-day sediment yields (Table 1). These sediment discharges can be compared with records of deposition (e.g., Andrews and Dunhill, 2004;Breckenridge, 2007;Rittenour et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2010) and geomorphic change (e.g., Dury, 1964;Reusser et al, 2006;Knox, 2007;Bettis et al, 2008;Anderson, 2015). The need to properly compute past lake and land cover motivates continued work with climate-and water-balance models (e.g., Collins et al, 2006;Matsubara and Howard, 2009;Liu et al, 2009;He, 2011;Blois et al, 2013;Fan et al, 2013;Ivanović et al, 2016a), which can in turn be used to improve past drainage basin and discharge reconstructions.…”

Section: Future Directions: New Ice-sheet Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

Wickert

2016

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Over the last glacial cycle, ice sheets and the resultant glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) rearranged river systems. As these riverine threads that tied the ice sheets to the sea were stretched, severed, and restructured, they also shrank and swelled with the pulse of meltwater inputs and time-varying drainage basin areas, and sometimes delivered enough meltwater to the oceans in the right places to influence global climate. Here I present a general method to compute past river flow paths, drainage basin geometries, and river discharges, by combining models of past ice sheets, glacial isostatic adjustment, and climate. The result is a time series of synthetic paleohydrographs and drainage basin maps from the Last Glacial Maximum to present for nine major drainage basins -the Mississippi, Rio Grande, Colorado, Columbia, Mackenzie, Hudson Bay, Saint Lawrence, Hudson, and Susquehanna/Chesapeake Bay. These are based on five published reconstructions of the North American ice sheets. I compare these maps with drainage reconstructions and discharge histories based on a review of observational evidence, including river deposits and terraces, isotopic records, mineral provenance markers, glacial moraine histories, and evidence of ice stream and tunnel valley flow directions. The sharp boundaries of the reconstructed past drainage basins complement the flexurally smoothed GIA signal that is more often used to validate ice-sheet reconstructions, and provide a complementary framework to reduce nonuniqueness in model reconstructions of the North American ice-sheet complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Future Directions: New Ice-sheet Reconstructionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

Wickert

2016

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…Sometimes, a few hydrologic and hydraulic parameters are used to correlate with meander parameters. A number of general relationships between meander parameters, hydrologic parameters, and hydraulic parameters in streams have been established [7,[10][11][12][23][24][25][26][27] .…”

Section: Definitions Of Parameters Of Meandersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leopold and Wolman have established relational expressions for meander characteristics among meander wavelength, bank-full channel width, amplitude and radius of curvature [8] . Further studies on underfit streams of meandering streams were made in more amply meandering valleys to establish the relationships between the wavelength of modern meandering rivers and their bank-full discharge [9][10][11][12] . Shen et al [13] classified meanders into plain meanders and mountain-incised meanders on the basis of landform.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meanders of the Jialing River in China: Morphology and formation

et al. 2008

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As a fundamental category of river system, comparisons in diverse regions and types with quantitative parameters on meander morphology will help to distinguish different characteristics and approach formations and evolutions. It also can provide scientific basis of geomorphology for their protections and exploitation of the meander resources. Based on the images of Google Earth, meanders' parameters are proposed and then measured and calculated. The result suggests that incised meanders in the Jialing River are among the most complex, irregular and sinuous channels. Special river gradient, geological structures, strata and lithology, backwater effect of landform are key factors to shape meanders of the Jialing River. The evolution of meander in the Jialing River obeys the principle of minimum-maximum energy dissipation. Easy acquisitions of remote sensing data make regional and global comparisons possible, and then the differences of formations can be explored. The morphology can probably provide an evidence of antecedent river and demonstrate the channel incisions and crustal uplifts. Meander core in Chinese is named after the isolated hills in the Jialing River. The incised meander is a kind of resource and needs to be protected.

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“…A long-held theory that incised meanders are inherited from meanders developed on alluvial floodplains and superposed onto structures below was advocated by Davis (1896). Dury (1964) explained large incised meanders as a result of former large discharges, implying substantial palaeohydrologic changes. He cited long valley wavelengths and asymmetric bedrock valley-bottom cross-sections as evidence.…”

Section: Evolution Of Valley Morphology Meanders and Spursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailings fans and valley‐spur cutoffs created by hydraulic mining

James

2004

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Sand and gravel tailings from nineteenth century open-pit hydraulic gold mines formed large alluvial fans at tributary confluences in the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California. In the Bear River watershed, several of these fans were so large that they blocked main channels for decades. Some channels not only aggraded deeply, but also moved laterally and cut across the inner bends of valley spurs. Now locked in bedrock channels, these valley-spur cutoffs impose local controls on geomorphic, hydraulic, and sedimentary processes. One cutoff has incised 25 m into bedrock over the past century (25 cm a −1 ) with rapid initial incision rates of up to 50 cm a −1 (1884-1890). Recognition of spur cutoffs in the geological record may help to identify large landslides and provide an analogue for a type of natural earthfill dam spillway not prone to catastrophic failures. Tailing fans, valley-spur cutoffs, and the sediment they trap are described from contemporary accounts and recent field conditions in the Bear River watershed. These anthropogenic changes represent a major shift in the watershed from supply-limited to transport-limited sediment budgets and a change in geomorphic processes away from long-term drainage evolution dominated by ingrown meanders. The large volumes of mining sediment stored in these landforms will be slowly released over the next millennium and could be significant to contemporary ecological and public health issues due to recent findings of high mercury loadings associated with hydraulic mines.

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Subsurface exploration and chronology of underfit streams

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

Reconstruction of North American drainage basins and river discharge since the Last Glacial Maximum

Meanders of the Jialing River in China: Morphology and formation

Tailings fans and valley‐spur cutoffs created by hydraulic mining

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