Subsurface flow velocities through selected forest soils, South Island, New Zealand

Mosley, M. P.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(82)90121-4

Cited by 185 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is frequently discussed as influencing surface and subsurface runoff generation processes at the local (Horton, 1933;Dunne and Black, 1970;Dunne et al, 1991;Weiler and Naef, 2003a;Zehe and Blöschl, 2004), hillslope (Mosley, 1982;Bonell et al, 1990;Elsenbeer et al, 1994;Tani, 1997;Tromp-van-Meerveld and McDonnell, 2006a;Weiler and McDonnell, 2007), and catchment scales (Sklash et al, 1996;Buttle and Peters, 1997;McGlynn et al, 2002;Uhlenbrook et al, 2002;Deeks et al, 2004;Wenninger et al, 2004;McGuire et al, 2005;Blume et al, 2008a, b). The interactions of antecedent wetness, rainfall intensity and depth with surface and subsurface structures are deemed as first order controls in each of these cases.…”

Section: Examples Of Threshold Behaviour In Hydrology and Earth Systementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if the process threshold of, for example, overland flow formation is crossed a substantial part of a hillslope overland flow may not reach the hillslope toe and thus the stream, because it may re-infiltrate on its way. These key topological properties, such as the presence of connected flow paths that link internal areas/volumes to the system boundaries, may change with overall average system states as, for instance, the top soil water content, as suggested for the Tarrawara catchment (Grayson et al, 1997;Western et al, 2001) or subsurface storage and thus the rainfall depth for subsurface stormflow (Mosley, 1982;Tromp-van-Meerveld and McDonnell, 2006a;. Response thresholds such as the connectedness of flow paths to the system's "outlet" or the mobilization of a high amount of pre-event water are controlled by key characteristics that depend crucially on the dominant process and typical landscape characteristics.…”

Section: Threshold Behaviour At the Response Level: Hydrological Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Zehe¹,

Sivapalan

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

196

139

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Abstract. In this paper we review threshold behaviour in environmental systems, which are often associated with the onset of floods, contamination and erosion events, and other degenerative processes. Key objectives of this review are to a) suggest indicators for detecting threshold behavior, b) discuss their implications for predictability, c) distinguish different forms of threshold behavior and their underlying controls, and d) hypothesise on possible reasons for why threshold behaviour might occur. Threshold behaviour involves a fast qualitative change of either a single process or the response of a system. For elementary phenomena this switch occurs when boundary conditions (e.g., energy inputs) or system states as expressed by dimensionless quantities (e.g. the Reynolds number) exceed threshold values. Mixing, water movement or depletion of thermodynamic gradients becomes much more efficient as a result. Intermittency is a very good indicator for detecting event scale threshold behavior in hydrological systems. Predictability of intermittent processes/system responses is inherently low for combinations of systems states and/or boundary conditions that push the system close to a threshold. Post hoc identification of "cause-effect relations" to explain when the system became critical is inherently difficult because of our limited ability to perform observations under controlled identical experimental conditions. In this review, we distinguish three forms of threshold behavior. The first one is threshold behavior at the Correspondence to: E. Zehe (e.zehe@bv.tum.de) process level that is controlled by the interplay of local soil characteristics and states, vegetation and the rainfall forcing. Overland flow formation, particle detachment and preferential flow are examples of this. The second form of threshold behaviour is the response of systems of intermediate complexity -e.g., catchment runoff response and sediment yield -governed by the redistribution of water and sediments in space and time. These are controlled by the topological architecture of the catchments that interacts with system states and the boundary conditions. Crossing the response thresholds means to establish connectedness of surface or subsurface flow paths to the catchment outlet. Subsurface stormflow in humid areas, overland flow and erosion in semi-arid and arid areas are examples, and explain that crossing local process thresholds is necessary but not sufficient to trigger a system response threshold. The third form of threshold behaviour involves changes in the "architecture" of human geoecosystems, which experience various disturbances. As a result substantial change in hydrological functioning of a system is induced, when the disturbances exceed the resilience of the geo-ecosystem. We present examples from savannah ecosystems, humid agricultural systems, mining activities affecting rainfall runoff in forested areas, badlands formation in Spain, and the restoration of the Upper Rhine river basin as examples of this phenomenon. This fun...

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Section: Examples Of Threshold Behaviour In Hydrology and Earth Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Threshold Behaviour At the Response Level: Hydrological Systmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Zehe¹,

Sivapalan

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

196

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Especially since the 1960s, increasing attention has been paid to subsurface flow as a dominant process for runoff generation in humid, soilmantled, and vegetated catchments. Detailed observations have been carried out at various study sites, including the Maimai catchment, New Zealand [Mosley, 1979[Mosley, , 1982Sklash et al, 1986;McDonnell, 1990], LI1 catchment at Llyn Brianne, Wales [Soulsby, 1992], Plastic Lake basin 1-08, Canada [Peters et al, 1995], and Tatsunokuchi-yama Experimental Forest, Japan [Tani, 1997]. The water flow processes in headwater catchments can generally be described as follows: in humid, soil-mantled, and vegetated catchments, most of the rainwater infiltrates into and flows downward through the permeable soil layers, eventually reaching a less permeable layer and forming a transient perched groundwater table.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of bedrock groundwater on spatial and temporal variations in soil mantle groundwater in a steep granitic headwater catchment

Katsura

Kosugi

Mizutani

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

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[1] We investigated processes of soil mantle groundwater generation in a granitic headwater catchment in central Japan. Two types of groundwater were observed: ephemeral-type groundwater (EG), which developed in response to rainfall events and disappeared rapidly after the events ceased, and semiperennial-type groundwater (SPG), which remained formed for more than several months. The groundwater level, chemistry, and temperature within the soil and bedrock layers indicated that the source of EG was rain or soil water, whereas the source of SPG was deep bedrock groundwater. The generation processes of soil mantle groundwater varied both spatially and temporally under the influence of the underlying bedrock. Whereas only EG was generated in upslope areas, bedrock groundwater continuously seeped into the soil layers in downslope areas to generate SPG. In middle-slope areas, an increase in the bedrock groundwater level generated SPG in soil layers, but the SPG disappeared when the bedrock groundwater level fell. Our results indicate that bedrock is important in controlling soil mantle groundwater generation and water flow processes in headwater catchments and that direct measurements of bedrock conditions are vital for clarifying the roles of bedrock in these processes.Citation: Katsura, S., K. Kosugi, T. Mizutani, S. Okunaka, and T. Mizuyama (2008), Effects of bedrock groundwater on spatial and temporal variations in soil mantle groundwater in a steep granitic headwater catchment, Water Resour. Res., 44, W09430,

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“…(iii) Sprinkling experiments at hillslopes, often in combination with tracer tests, were conducted (e.g. Mosley, 1982). (iv) Geophysical measurements proved useful to explore subsurface soil properties, which are crucial for processes (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What happens after the catchment caught the storm? Hydrological processes at the small, semi-arid Weatherley catchment, South-Africa

2005

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Abstract. The knowledge of water flow pathways and residence times in a catchment are essential for predicting the hydrological response to a rain storm event. Different experimental techniques are available to study these processes, which are briefly reviewed in this paper. To illustrate this, recent findings from the Weatherley catchment a 1.5 km 2 semiarid headwater in South-Africa, are reported in this paper. Beside classical hydrometric measurements of precipitation and runoff different experimental techniques were applied to explore flow paths (i.e. soil moisture and groundwater measurements, natural tracers, and 2-D electrical resistivity tomographies (ERT)).

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Subsurface flow velocities through selected forest soils, South Island, New Zealand

Cited by 185 publications

References 15 publications

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Threshold behaviour in hydrological systems as (human) geo-ecosystems: manifestations, controls, implications

Effects of bedrock groundwater on spatial and temporal variations in soil mantle groundwater in a steep granitic headwater catchment

What happens after the catchment caught the storm? Hydrological processes at the small, semi-arid Weatherley catchment, South-Africa

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