Subterranean Clover

McGuire, William S.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr25.c23

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The legume family (Leguminosae) is the third-largest plant family, consisting of 751 genera and ca. 19,500 species 1 , including several agronomically important crop and forage species. Among the forage legumes, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and red clover ( T. pratense L.) are the most economically important perennial pasture legumes and used in many temperate regions of the world.…”

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“…Among the forage legumes, alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and red clover ( T. pratense L.) are the most economically important perennial pasture legumes and used in many temperate regions of the world. Of the annual forage legume species, subterranean clover ( T. subterraneum L.) makes the greatest contribution globally to livestock feed production and soil improvement 1 , particularly in Australia, where it has been sown over 29 million ha and 45 cultivars have been registered since the early 1900s 2 . A further 11 annual clover species have been commercialized 3 .…”

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Draft genome sequence of subterranean clover, a reference for genus Trifolium

Hirakawa

Kaur

Shirasawa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Clovers (genus Trifolium) are widely cultivated across the world as forage legumes and make a large contribution to livestock feed production and soil improvement. Subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L.) is well suited for genomic and genetic studies as a reference species in the Trifolium genus, because it is an annual with a simple genome structure (autogamous and diploid), unlike the other economically important perennial forage clovers, red clover (T. pratense) and white clover (T. repens). This report represents the first draft genome sequence of subterranean clover. The 471.8 Mb assembled sequence covers 85.4% of the subterranean clover genome and contains 42,706 genes. Eight pseudomolecules of 401.1 Mb in length were constructed, based on a linkage map consisting of 35,341 SNPs. The comparative genomic analysis revealed that different clover chromosomes showed different degrees of conservation with other Papilionoideae species. These results provide a reference for genetic and genomic analyses in the genus Trifolium and new insights into evolutionary divergence in Papilionoideae species.

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Draft genome sequence of subterranean clover, a reference for genus Trifolium

Hirakawa

Kaur

Shirasawa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Subterranean clover (subclover) is the most widely sown annual pasture legume across the globe [7,8]. It is particularly important in southern Australia, where it not only plays a key role in mixed farming systems, but is also the basis of a significant seed export industry to growing regions throughout the world [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A chronology of subterranean clover burr detachment mechanics and implications for seed harvestability

Moss

Nichols

Ryan

et al. 2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Seed retention has not been evaluated for subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), because its geocarpic seed-bearing burrs are currently harvested by suction systems. Development of improved harvest methods requires knowledge of subterranean clover seed retention characteristics and their changes with plant development. This study evaluates burr attachment and peduncle tensile strength during burr maturity until plant senescence across the three subspecies: subterraneum (cv. Dalkeith), yanninicum (cv. Monti) and brachycalycinum (cv. Mawson). Peduncle tensile strength was greater than burr-to-peduncle attachment strength for each subspecies, with peak mean peduncle strength 30–130% greater than peak mean burr-to-peduncle attachment strength. Both strength measurements decreased significantly (greater than 50% for each subspecies) as the plant senesced, which was associated with reductions in burr moisture content, and burr and peduncle diameters. Microscopy indicated a ductile to brittle transition as peduncles senesced, reducing energy absorption and increasing the likelihood of failure at defects. These results are important for the commercial production of subterranean clover seed and suggest it may be possible to harvest seed before plant senescence with dig-invert machinery, similar to that used for peanut harvesting. However, this approach would require harvesting prior to maximum seed development and the implications for seed viability and yield need to be further evaluated.

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“…Dear & Loveland (1984) found no clear evidence that heavy frosts (as low as -12°C) during subterranean clover flowering reduced seed production in the cool tableland environment of Canberra, Australia (620 m a.s.l.). McGuire (1985) reported that subterranean clover grown in the United States had survived winter temperatures as low as -20°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment, production and regeneration of subterranean clovers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand

Olykan

Lucas

Teixeira

et al. 2018

Journal of NZ Grasslands

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The ‘Red Flats’ on Omarama Station in the Mackenzie Basin, has a winter cold, summer dry environment and soils with low plant available water (<60 mm in the top 1 m), and low pH(H2O) (5.2) and high aluminium (8 mg/kg) below 75 mm. The site received 3 t of lime, 300 kg sulphur-super, boron (B), molybdenum (Mo) and herbicides to eliminate hieracium (Hieracium pilosella). Twelve cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneaum), ‘Bolta’ balansa clover (T. michelianum), and perennial ‘Rossi’ red clover (T. pratense), were direct-drilled in February 2016. Over the next 3 years their frost tolerance, productivity and persistence were compared with the resident haresfoot clover (T. arvense). Balansa and the subterranean clovers all survived the 2016 and 2017 winters. The subterranean clovers maximum yield was 4.3 t DM/ ha after successful germination in February 2016 when sufficient rain extended the spring growing season into November. Subterranean clover cultivars from subspecies subterraneum yielded well in 2016, averaging 3.3 t DM/ha, as did the brachycalycinum ‘Antas’ with 3 t DM/ha. During the short season of 2017, the subterraneum ssp. cultivars ‘Denmark’ and ‘Karridale’ established the highest ground covers and ‘Antas’ the lowest. In 2018, ‘Antas’ had the lowest emergence rate and autumn yield. ‘Karridale’ had the highest re-establishment rate and the yanninicum ‘Trikkala’ the highest autumn yield (1.3 t DM/ha). Cultivars with low hardseededness ratings were the most successful at re-establishment in autumn 2017. Balansa clover was also persistent. In the favourable 2016 growing season the late-flowering resident haresfoot clover grew into early summer and yielded 3.7 t DM/ha. Red clover yielded 1 t DM/ha in 2016, but did not persist. Results suggest that medium-late flowering softer seeded subterranean clover cultivars and ‘Bolta’ balansa clover, are suitable for this environment.

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Subterranean Clover

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Draft genome sequence of subterranean clover, a reference for genus Trifolium

Draft genome sequence of subterranean clover, a reference for genus Trifolium

A chronology of subterranean clover burr detachment mechanics and implications for seed harvestability

Establishment, production and regeneration of subterranean clovers in the Mackenzie Basin, New Zealand

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