Subterranean clover stunt, a virus disease of pasture legumes

Abstract

A study has been made of a recently recognized virus disease, subterranean clover stunt. Field observations of its occurrence, distribution, and symptoms, and experimental data on insect transmission are recorded. Attempts to transmit the disease by mechanical means and by leafhoppers were unsuccessful. It was transmitted by two species of aphids, efficiently by Aphis craccivora Koch and less efficiently by Myzus persicae (Sulz.), but not by four other species of aphids tested. The virus was transmitted to a series of indicator plants by aphids and, since it carried over a moult of A. cruccivora, it belongs to the "persistent" type. The host range covers a wide variety of legumes, including some subtropical species. The means by which the disease is carried over from season to season was not determined but the virus probably persists in summer-growing annual and perennial legumes.

International dispersal of insects and insect-borne viruses

“…Phony disease of peach, first seen in an orchard in Georgia, U.S.A., in the 1890s, later spread rapidly and in 1933 it had destroyed over a million trees in Georgia alone and invaded at least 12 other States (HuTCHINS, 1933), but its relation to the movements of its cieadellid vectors (TURNER, 1949;TUR~R & POLLARD, 1955) than 20 million acres were infected. The disease was widespread when it appeared and there seems to be no knowledge of its spread (GRYLLS & BUTLER, 1959).…”

Advances in winter pulse pathology research in Australia

“…AMV, BWYV, BYMV, BLRV, CMV and PSbMV are considered ubiquitous in eastern Australia and are found every year in annual surveys. Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) and Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV) are detected regularly in pulse crops in eastern Australia and have been the cause of serious yield losses in the past (Grylle and Butler 1959;Jayasena and Randles 1985;Johnstone 1978;Johnstone andRapley 1979, 1981;Schwinghamer et al 2009). All except BLRVand SbDVoccur commonly in pulses in WA (Cheng and Jones 1999;Latham and Jones 2001a;Jones 2001), where SCSV has never been found.…”

Advances in Small Isometric Multicomponent ssDNA Viruses Infecting Plants

“…In addition to A. craccivora, other aphid species such as A. gossypii, A. fabae, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Megoura viciae are able to transmit MDV at various efficiencies. SCSV has been reported to be vectored by A. gossypii, M. persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae [29].…”

“…Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and several other pasture and grain legumes (pea, French bean and broad bean) in Australia are affected by a stunt disease [28,29,90]. The disease was initially observed in New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria and Queensland.…”

“…SCSV Initially, the disease was thought to be caused by mineral deficiency [65]. Subsequently, it was shown to be an aphid transmitted virus [28,29]. SCSV was persistently transmitted by Aphis craccivora and Myzus persicae.…”