Subthreshold depression is linked to the functional polymorphism of the 5HT transporter gene

Gonda, Xénia; Juhász, Gabriella; Lászik, András; Rihmer, Zoltán; Bagdy, György

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.007

Cited by 69 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, results of several studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) genotype may have an opposite effect on behavioral characteristics in men and women. Specifically, in females experiencing chronic stress the presence of the s allele is positively associated with negative behavioral traits such as symptoms of depression, whereas, in stressed males the presence of the l allele has similar associations (Brummett et al, 2003;Eley et al, 2004;Flory et al, 1999;Gonda, Juhasz, Laszik, Rihmer, & Bagdy, 2005;Jacobs et al, 2006;Sjoberg et al, 2006). At present specific sex differences in serotonergic function are not thoroughly understood, and results such as those seen in the present study underscore the need for continued research in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Brummett

Boyle

Kuhn

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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Serotonergic dysregulation is associated with negative affect. Plasma prolactin responses to a tryptophan enhancement challenge are used as a measure of central nervous system serotonergic activity. We examined prolactin responses to a tryptophan challenge as they relate to the personality domains of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Participants were 67 volunteers. Regression models assessed peak prolactin response to intravenous tryptophan infusion as a predictor of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Prolactin X gender product terms included to examine moderation by gender. Models were adjusted for baseline levels of prolactin, age, and race. Gender moderated the association between N and prolactin level (p<.03). Higher levels of N were associated with decreased levels of prolactin responses in females, whereas the opposite was true for males. Remaining personality domains were not related to prolactin levels. Findings add to literature suggesting the serotonin system functions differently, in important ways, in males and females.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Brummett

Boyle

Kuhn

et al. 2008

Biological Psychology

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“…At present it is difficult to draw conclusions about the effects of gender with respect to associations among personality traits, affective disorders, and 5-HTTLPR because the consideration of gender has varied markedly across studies. Some have failed to specifically address gender differences-e.g., gender was modeled as a covariate, the participants were predominately or exclusively male or female, or there was no consideration of potential gender effects (Deary et al 1999;Gonda et al 2005;Hamer et al 1999;Jacobs et al 2006;Lesch et al 1996;Nakamura et al 1997). The results have been inconsistent among studies that have examined potential gender differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Environmental Stress and Gender on Associations among Symptoms of Depression and the Serotonin Transporter Gene Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR)

et al. 2007

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The short (s) variant of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene linked functional polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with depression. Stressful life events, gender, and race have been shown to moderate this association. We examined the relationship between 5-HTTLPR genotype and symptoms of depression in two samples. Study 1 = 288 participants from a study of caregiver stress; and Study 2 = 142 participants from a study examining psychosocial stressors, genetics, and health. Main effects of 5-HTTLPR on symptoms of depression were examined, along with moderation by stress (care-giving status or low childhood socioeconomic status (SES), gender, and race. The 5-HTTLPR × stress group × gender interaction was significant in both samples (P < 0.003, and P < 0.008, respectively). For females, the s allele, combined with caregiving stress (Study 1) or low

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“…Healthy individuals homozygous for the S allele exhibit higher levels of depressivity (Gonda et al, 2005) and are more likely to have first-degree relatives with a history of depression (Joiner et al, 2003). Moreover, it has been reported that patients carrying the S allele respond poorly to SSRI treatment (Arias et al, 2003;Lotrich et al, 2001;Stein et al, 2006), although this has been disputed (Kim et al, 2000;Kraft et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological vulnerability differences in students—Carriers or not of the serotonin transporter promoter allele S: Effect of adverse experiences

Veletza

Samakouri

Emmanouil

et al. 2008

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Aim: To study the effect of the serotonin transporting gene L/S polymorphism on several psychological characteristics in a group of Greek University students. Methods: One hundred eighty-one students were genotyped and classified into two groups: carriers or noncarriers of an S allele. Students were evaluated with a battery of psychological tests (Zung depression rating scale, symptoms check-list-90-R, Eysenck personality inventory); they also answered questionnaires regarding serious past adverse experiences as well as nicotine and alcohol use. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to check the main effect of genotype and its interaction with both adverse life experiences and scores of psychological tests. Results: No significant differences were detected between the two groups of students regarding scores of the psychological tests. Yet, analysis with MANOVA indicated an interaction between genotype and adversities (k 5 0.838, F 17,158 5 1.802, P 5 0.032). Students who both carry at least one S allele and have faced serious past adverse life experiences have scored higher than carriers of the S allele who have not faced adversities on the following: global severity index (F 1174 5 5.973, P 5 0.016), positive symptoms distress index (F 1174 5 4.518, P 5 0.035), somatization (F 1174 5 4.074, P 5 0.045), depression (F 1174 5 4.971, P 5 0.027), anxiety (F 1174 5 8.112, P 5 0.005), phobic anxiety (F 1174 5 16.421, P < 0.000), and paranoid ideation (F 1174 5 5.143, P 5 0.025). Among students without adversities, those with the LL genotype have scored higher than S allele carriers on the following: depression (t 5 2.680, df 5 75, P 5 0.009), anxiety (t 5 2.629, df 5 75, P 5 0.010), phobic anxiety (t 5 3.350, df 5 75, P 5 0.001), and paranoid ideation (t 5 2.668, df 5 75, P 5 0.009). Conclusion: The S and L alleles seem to interact differently with serious past life adversities in influencing psychological vulnerability. Adversities seem to have a stronger effect on S carriers. LL genotype might be related to the expression of certain more endogenous psychopathological tendencies.

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Subthreshold depression is linked to the functional polymorphism of the 5HT transporter gene

Cited by 69 publications

References 30 publications

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Associations among central nervous system serotonergic function and neuroticism are moderated by gender

Effects of Environmental Stress and Gender on Associations among Symptoms of Depression and the Serotonin Transporter Gene Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR)

Psychological vulnerability differences in students—Carriers or not of the serotonin transporter promoter allele S: Effect of adverse experiences

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