Subtle features of delamination in cross-ply laminates due to low speed impact

Sitnikova, Elena; Li, Shuguang; Li, Dafei; Yi, Xiaosu

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.06.021

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In this study, a shear crack induced such artificial damage between the crack and impact location. This phenomenon was inevitable, no matter how small the element size was used [6]. However, for the elements in this region, the increases in their damage variables (SDEG) were inhibited by the stress release as detailed in Section 4.2.2, and these elements were still capable of bearing the stress (at least 20 MPa), even though their SDEG were larger than 0.9.…”

Section: Finite Element Modeling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the opinion of Aymerich [5], the through-thickness compression under the impactor during LVI suppressed the delamination. However, some researchers attributed this phenomenon to the friction between two plies [6,7]. During compression after impact (CAI), the delamination inside a laminate grew into the undelaminated region, leading to the final failure [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Tan

Sun

et al. 2019

Materials

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The effect of matrix cracking on the delamination morphology inside carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates during low-velocity impact (LVI) is an open question. In this paper, the relationship between matrix cracking and delamination is studied by using cross-ply laminates. Several methods, including micrograph, C-scan, and visual inspection, were adopted to characterize the damage after LVI experiments. Based on the experimental results, finite element (FE) models were established to analyze the damage mechanisms. The matrix cracking was predicted by the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the Puck criteria, while the delamination was modeled by cohesive elements. It was revealed that the matrix crack in the bottom ply not only promoted the outward propagation of delamination but also contributed to the narrow delamination beneath the impact location. Multiple matrix cracks occurred in the middle ply. The ones close to the plate center initiated the delamination and prevented large-scale delamination beneath the impact location. For the cracks that were far away, no significant effect on delamination was found. In conclusion, the stress redistribution caused by the crack opening determines the delamination.

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Section: Finite Element Modeling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Tan

Sun

et al. 2019

Materials

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“…In the over-molding process of an automotive structure (e.g., car bumper), cross-ply can be adopted as a simple, outer protective layer for the beam component. Additionally, in the development of laminated composite model under out-ofplane load, it is generally preferred to have cross-ply laminate as a benchmarking case for theoretical or numerical prediction [11,22,23,13,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the influence of matrix ductility on damage phenomenology in continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates undergoing quasi-static indentation

Yudhanto

Wafai

Lubineau

et al. 2018

Composite Structures

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The use of thermoplastic matrix was known to improve the impact properties of laminated composites. However, different ductility levels can exist in a single family of thermoplastic matrix, and this may consequently modify the damage phenomenology of thermoplastic composites. This paper focuses on the effect of matrix ductility on the out-of-plane properties of thermoplastic composites, which was studied through quasi-static indentation (QSI) test that may represent impact problem albeit the speed difference. We evaluated continuous glass-fiber reinforced polypropylene thermoplastic composites (GFPP), and selected homopolymer PP and copolymer PP that represent ductile and less ductile matrices, respectively. Several cross-ply laminates were selected to study the influence of ply thicknesses and relative orientation of interfaces on QSI properties of GFPP. It is expected that GFPP with ductile matrix improves energy absorption of GFPP. However, the damage mechanism is completely different between GFPP with ductile and GFPP with less ductile matrices. GFPP with ductile matrix exhibits smaller damage zone in comparison to the one with less ductile matrix. Higher matrix ductility inhibits the growth of ply cracking along the fiber, and this causes the limited size of delamination. The stacking sequence poses more influence on less ductile composites rather than the ductile one.

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“…Damage growth in structures is an irreversible non-linear process and usually, an incremental procedure is required for solution. Assuming separations are increased incrementally by dδ i , cohesive tractions i ~ and energy rates G i can then be calculated using equations (7) and (11), respectively, while the damage parameter  is kept unchanged temporarily. After this, the failure function ) , (…”

Section: New Approach To Combine Damage and Friction In Cohesive Intementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct effect of the through thickness compression is the contact/friction in the damaged interface area. Sitnikova et al [7] simulated delamination in a laminate subjected to low velocity impact. It was revealed that friction in the delaminated area must be considered in order to capture the intact zone underneath the impactor as commonly observed in experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining interface damage and friction in cohesive interface models using an energy based approach

Zou

Hameed

2018

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Cohesive zone models coupling interface damage and friction have been developed in the literature and are available in the commercial finite element package ABAQUS to consider the enhancing effect of through-thickness compression on interfacial fracture resistance. It is revealed in this paper that these models are extremely dependent on interface stiffness, because interface stiffness reduction factor is used to combine damage and friction in these models. The interfacial constitutive law converges but only when the interface is extremely stiff and an unrealistic evolution of the interface damage is produced. A new approach is then developed which uses a cohesive energy related parameter to combine interface damage and friction. The behaviour of the new coupled model is independent of the interface stiffness once the interface is moderately stiff. The new and existing damage/friction coupled models have been employed to simulate the shear failure of a composite specimen and the predictions are compared against the experimental data in the literature. The new model produces converged results over a wide range of interface stiffness and the predictions match the experiments quite well, better than the existing models.

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Subtle features of delamination in cross-ply laminates due to low speed impact

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Relationship Between Matrix Cracking and Delamination in CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates Subjected to Low Velocity Impact

Characterizing the influence of matrix ductility on damage phenomenology in continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates undergoing quasi-static indentation

Combining interface damage and friction in cohesive interface models using an energy based approach

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