Subwavelength InSb-based Slot wavguides for THz transport: concept and practical implementations

Ma, Youqiao; Zhou, Jun; Pištora, Jaromı́r; Eldlio, Mohamed; Nguyen-Huu, Nghia; Maeda, Hiroshi; Wu, Qiang; Čada, Michael

doi:10.1038/srep38784

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, InSb is utilized nowadays in infrared detectors and is very potential for high-speed transistors operating at low voltages 1–6 and other ultra thin device applications 7,8 , and very recently, e.g., as building blocks of quantum computers 9 and THz transport waveguides 10 . The common challenge in developing these various InSb-based devices is how the surface or interface properties of InSb crystals can be modified in controlled manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline and oxide phases revealed and formed on InSb(111)B

Mäkelä

Rad

Lehtiö

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Oxidation treatment creating a well-ordered crystalline structure has been shown to provide a major improvement for III–V semiconductor/oxide interfaces in electronics. We present this treatment’s effects on InSb(111)B surface and its electronic properties with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Possibility to oxidize (111)B surface with parameters similar to the ones used for (100) surface is found, indicating a generality of the crystalline oxidation among different crystal planes, crucial for utilization in nanotechnology. The outcome is strongly dependent on surface conditions and remarkably, the (111) plane can oxidize without changes in surface lattice symmetry, or alternatively, resulting in a complex, semicommensurate quasicrystal-like structure. The findings are of major significance for passivation via oxide termination for nano-structured III–V/oxide devices containing several crystal plane surfaces. As a proof-of-principle, we present a procedure where InSb(111)B surface is cleaned by simple HCl-etching, transferred via air, and post-annealed and oxidized in ultrahigh vacuum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline and oxide phases revealed and formed on InSb(111)B

Mäkelä

Rad

Lehtiö

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…In what follows we assume that one dielectric is lossless > 0, while another is a high-k lossy dielectric = + , where, additionally, ≫ . One can then directly use the expressions for the modal effective refractive index (17) and modal extents into the dielectric materials (Equation (19), while choosing the signs of the transverse wavevectors in both media to satisfy the surfacebounded wave condition (Equation (18). Resultant expressions can be further simplified in the limit ≪ , which is the case for most high-k dielectrics to obtain the following expressions for the modal propagation distance (limited by material losses), and modal extents into the two dielectrics:…”

Section: Lossy High-k Dielectricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, consider InSb, a semiconductor with plasma frequency of 7.32 THz that can support highly localized surface plasmon-polariton modes [17]. In the THz spectral range it presents a great alternative to simple metal as it can be used to create waveguides and SPR sensors using industrial microfabrication process [18,19]. Moreover, its free carrier concentration (and, hence, surface wave optical properties) can be adjustment via temperature tuning and doping.…”

Section: Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Wave Enhanced Sensing in the Terahertz Spectral Range: Modalities, Materials, and Perspectives

Poulin

Giannacopoulos

Skorobogatiy

2019

Sensors

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The terahertz spectral range (frequencies of 0.1-10 THz) has recently emerged as the next frontier in non-destructive imaging and sensing. Here, we review amplitude-based and phase-based sensing modalities in the context of the surface wave enhanced sensing in the terahertz frequency band. A variety of surface waves are considered including surface plasmon polaritons on metals, semiconductors, and zero gap materials, surface phonon polaritons on polaritonic materials, Zenneck waves on high-k dielectrics, as well as spoof surface plasmons and spoof Zenneck waves on structured interfaces. Special attention is paid to the trade-off between surface wave localization and sensor sensitivity. Furthermore, a detailed theoretical analysis of the surface wave optical properties as well as the sensitivity of sensors based on such waves is supplemented with many examples related to naturally occurring and artificial materials. We believe our review can be of interest to scientists pursuing research in novel high-performance sensor designs operating at frequencies beyond the visible/IR band. Keywords: terahertz band; surface waves; amplitude sensing modality; phase sensing modality; surface plasmon polaritons; surface phonon polaritons; Zenneck waves; spoof plasmons Recently, the THz spectral range (frequencies of 0.1-10 THz, wavelengths of 3 mm-30 µm) has emerged as the next frontier in non-destructive imaging and sensing. Key advantages when operating in the THz band are the ability to detect the complex electric field of THz waves (phase and amplitude), availability of both pulsed (sub-1 ps) and continuous wave (CW) THz systems, as well as ability of conducting dynamic measurements with sub-1 ms temporal resolution [6]. Additionally, relative transparency of dry dielectrics to THz radiation, strong absorption of THz waves by water and other polar solutions, as well as the non-ionizing nature of THz light enable many and more graphical than analytical, which is the main reason why we chose a more theoretically elegant approach for the characterization of sensor sensitivity with respect to changes in the analyte refractive index complemented by the study of the surface wave probing depth. Amplitude Sensing ModalityAmplitude sensing modality offers the simplest sensor implementation as it only requires monitoring of the sensor transmission amplitude. A simplified schematic of an amplitude-based sensor is presented in Figure 1. The amplitude sensing detection modality is mostly used to detect variations in the imaginary part of the analyte refractive index.Sensors 2020, 20, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 24 theoretically elegant approach for the characterization of sensor sensitivity with respect to changes in the analyte refractive index complemented by the study of the surface wave probing depth. Amplitude Sensing ModalityAmplitude sensing modality offers the simplest sensor implementation as it only requires monitoring of the sensor transmission amplitude. A simplified schematic of an amplitude-based sensor is presented in Figure 1...

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“…12 Several SPR waveguide sensors with InSb components have also been studied very recently. [13][14][15] Note that the waveguide sensors are generally less sensitive to the variation of the refractive index, compared to the Kretschman-based SPR sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kretschmann‐ and Otto‐type surface plasmon resonance waveguide sensors in the terahertz regime

Shibayama

Mitsutake

Yamauchi

et al. 2020

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Kretschmann-and Otto-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) waveguide sensors are numerically investigated at terahertz frequencies. The reflectance of a three-layer model for the Kretschmann-type sensor is examined with the Fresnel equation, in order to determine the angle of incidence of the waveguide. Using the frequencydependent finite-difference time-domain method, the SPR response of the waveguide sensor is investigated for temperature variations. It is found that a high sensitivity of 2.63 × 10 −2 THz/K more than three times as large as that of the conventional SPR waveguide sensor is successfully achieved with a sensing length of about half that of the conventional one. The Otto-type waveguide sensor is also examined and discussed. It is revealed that the sensor provides steep and stable SPR responses, maintaining the sensitivity of the Kretschmann-type one.

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Subwavelength InSb-based Slot wavguides for THz transport: concept and practical implementations

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Crystalline and oxide phases revealed and formed on InSb(111)B

Crystalline and oxide phases revealed and formed on InSb(111)B

Surface Wave Enhanced Sensing in the Terahertz Spectral Range: Modalities, Materials, and Perspectives

Kretschmann‐ and Otto‐type surface plasmon resonance waveguide sensors in the terahertz regime

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