An early version of this study has been presented in the 19th International Symposium on Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Lille, France). Our gratitude to the reviewers and participants of the ETD national policies session for their constructive feedback. Furthermore, we are grateful to Dr. Joachim Schöpfel (Université Lille 3) for his suggestions on an early version of this manuscript. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) programs have been recognized as one of the most effective channels through which theses and dissertations can be made available to academic communities and beyond. ETD program management, however, needs to be aware of the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) throughout the process of design and development of ETDs. As the name implies, CSFs are those considerations decisive in achieving the projects' mission and goals. Based on a structured review of the existing literature about ETDs, this study identifies the CSFs that are crucial for the implementation of ETD programs. By comparing and classifying the identified CSFs, the study conceptualizes a generic framework comprising five generic dimensions: management and organization, participation, content, technology, and service. The framework can help the ETDs community, both scholars and practitioners, to make informed decisions on how to allocate effort and resources to the development, implementation, or improvement of ETD programs.