Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are essential in the treatment of cancers in children and young women. These therapies almost inevitably result in side effects of reduced ovarian function, specifi cally, premature ovarian failure and sterility. 1,2) So far, healthcare professionals have devoted their attention to cancer treatment and have not been concerned about these side effects. As times change, physicians have advocated the need to choose treatment based on the opinions of patients. In other words, patients have expressed their increasingly strong desire to preserve ovarian function, especially fertility, in addition to conventional therapies for cancer. Eventually, healthcare professionals must decide to work seriously in fi nding solutions to the demand to preserve ovarian functions while maintaining the outcomes of cancer treatment.
Studies on preservation of the ovariesRecently, gynecological research has addressed the cryopreservation of sperm and eggs before initiation of cancer treatment to avoid iatrogenic sterility, a complication of cancer treatment. However, cryopreservation of eggs is possible only for postpubertal women and yields a very low rate (about 0.2%) of pregnancy after transplantation of cryopreserved eggs due to the structurally lower tolerance of eggs to freezing compared with sperm and fertilized eggs. In addition, placement of fertilized eggs and the embryo transfer requires a partner. Thus, attempts are ongoing to cryopreserve and transplant ovarian tissue.