Successful left ventricular opacification following peripheral venous injection of sonicated contrast agent: An experimental evaluation

Keller, Mark W.; Feinstein, Steven B.; Watson, Denny D.

doi:10.1016/0002-8703(87)90754-x

Cited by 136 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similarly, for the relationships developed here, the effect of nozzle diameter on production rate and MB diameter may also be implicitly incorporated into b; e, and the proportionality constant in Eq. (11).…”

Section: G Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 MBs are designed to be less than 10 lm in diameter in order to optimize the acoustic response within clinically relevant ultrasound frequencies (i.e., 1-20 MHz) 7 and decrease the risk of vascular emboli. 8,9 Agitation, either mechanical shaking 10 or sonication, 6,11,12 is currently the most common method for producing MBs. Agitation methods can produce large quantities of MBs (e.g., % 10 10 MB/batch) rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production rate and diameter analysis of spherical monodisperse microbubbles from two-dimensional, expanding-nozzle flow-focusing microfluidic devices

et al. 2013

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Flow-focusing microfluidic devices (FFMDs) can produce microbubbles (MBs) with precisely controlled diameters and a narrow size distribution. In this paper, poly-dimethyl-siloxane based, rectangular-nozzle, two-dimensional (2-D) planar, expanding-nozzle FFMDs were characterized using a high speed camera to determine the production rate and diameter of Tween 20 (2% v/v) stabilized MBs. The effect of gas pressure and liquid flow rate on MB production rate and diameter was analyzed in order to develop a relationship between FFMD input parameters and MB production. MB generation was observed to transition through five regimes at a constant gas pressure and increasing liquid flow rate. Each MB generation event (i.e., break-off to break-off) was further separated into two characteristic phases: bubbling and waiting. The duration of the bubbling phase was linearly related to the liquid flow rate, while the duration of the waiting phase was related to both liquid flow rate and gas pressure. The MB production rate was found to be inversely proportional to the sum of the bubbling and waiting times, while the diameter was found to be proportional to the product of the gas pressure and bubbling time. V C 2013 American Institute of Physics.

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Section: G Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production rate and diameter analysis of spherical monodisperse microbubbles from two-dimensional, expanding-nozzle flow-focusing microfluidic devices

et al. 2013

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“…Although this technique has been helpful to identify abnormal cardiac structure (1 , 3), determine valvular regurgitation (4), demonstrate left-to-right shunts (4,9) and evaluate myocardial perfusion (2,(5)(6)(7)(8), the insertion of arterial catheters was required. Recently, several investigators have reported left heart contrast echocardiography following intrapulmonary, right atrial or peripheral venous injection of contrast agents capable of transpulmonary passage (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). It is anticipated that if a large dose of a transpulmonary contrast agent is injected intravenously, enough microbubbles would reach the left heart cavity to opacify the left ventricular myocardium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Transpulmonary Contrast Echocardiography Using Sonicated Albumin.

Nakatani

Beppu²,

Ohta³

et al. 1994

Intern. Med.

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Westudied the feasibility and adverse effects of transpulmonary contrast echocardiography using sonicated albumin in 6 dogs. Left heart contrast was observed by two-dimensional echocardiography, monitoring left ventricular pressure, its first derivative (dP/dt) and arterial oxygen saturation. The left heart was adequately opacified in 48 of 55 injections of various intravenous doses of sonicated albumin. Left ventricular myocardial opacification was faintly observed in only 1 injection. After injections of a large dose (0.5 ml/kg), left ventricular systolic pressure decreased, maximal positive dP/dt decreased and negative dP/dt increased, slightly.Hemodynamicparameters showed no significant changes with the other doses. Arterial oxygen saturation tended to decrease after injection, which was most remarkable with a large dose injection. In conclusion, although a large dose of intravenous sonicated albumin may opacify not only the left heart cavity but the ventricular myocardium, it deteriorates hemodynamic parameters and oxygen exchange in the lung. (Internal Medicine 33: 204-209, 1994)

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“…Experimental studies with sonicated albumin microspheres have shown that these are sufficiently small and stable, with satisfactory longevity and capable of passing through the pulmonary circulation in experimental animals and that they do not alter hemodynamics, coronary blood flow, or left ventricular contractility (Keller et al 1987). Furthermore, sonicated albumin microspheres can be generated in high concentrations, thus providing an intense backscatter despite their small size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of transpulmonary echocontrast effects

Jong

Cate

Vletter

et al. 1993

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Abstract--Videodensity of left heart and right heart were studied after intravenous injection of increasing dosages of 0.01-0.02 and 0.04 mL/kg bodyweight of Albunex ® in 10 healthy volunteers. The increase in videodensity in the left ventricle was always lower than in the right ventricle. Possible explanations are diffusion of gases caused by ambient pressures changes and change in microspheres distribution due to the sieving effect of the lung capillary bed. These phenomena were studied in vitro and were consistent with clinical observations. These limitations restrict a quantitative assessment of left heart echocontrast after intravenous injection.

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Successful left ventricular opacification following peripheral venous injection of sonicated contrast agent: An experimental evaluation

Cited by 136 publications

References 13 publications

Production rate and diameter analysis of spherical monodisperse microbubbles from two-dimensional, expanding-nozzle flow-focusing microfluidic devices

Production rate and diameter analysis of spherical monodisperse microbubbles from two-dimensional, expanding-nozzle flow-focusing microfluidic devices

Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Transpulmonary Contrast Echocardiography Using Sonicated Albumin.

Quantification of transpulmonary echocontrast effects

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