A capacitance standard based directly on the definition of capacitance was built. Single-electron tunneling devices were used to place N electrons of charge e onto a cryogenic capacitor C, and the resulting voltage change DeltaV was measured. Repeated measurements of C = Ne/DeltaV with this method have a relative standard deviation of 0.3 x 10(-6). This standard offers a natural basis for capacitance analogous to the Josephson effect for voltage and the quantum Hall effect for resistance.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the behavior of sonicated albumin microbubbles accurately mimics red blood cell flow in the microcirculation and is thus consistent with their use as in vivo tracers of red blood cell flow during myocardial contrast echocardiography. Accordingly, microbubbles prepared from fluorescein-conjugated albumin and fluorescently labeled red blood cells were injected intravascularly in eight golden hamsters. Their intravascular distribution, velocities, arteriolar-to-venular transit times, and flux ratios at branch points were determined in the microcirculation of the cheek pouch.

No abstract

Films of (111)-textured Cu, Ni, and CuxNiy were evaluated as substrates for chemical vapor deposition of graphene. A metal thickness of 400 nm to 700 nm was sputtered onto a substrate of α−Al 2 O 3 (0001) at temperatures of 250 • C to 650 • C. The films were then annealed at 1000 • C in a tube furnace. Xray and electron backscatter diffraction measurements showed all films have (111) texture but have grains with in-plane orientations differing by 60 • . The in-plane epitaxial relationship for all films was [110] metal ||[1010] Al 2 O 3 . Reactive sputtering of Al in O 2 before metal deposition resulted in a single in-plane orientation over 97 % of the Ni film but had no significant effect on the Cu grain structure. Transmission electron microscopy showed a clean Ni/Al 2 O 3 interface, confirmed the epitaxial relationship, and showed that formation of the 60 • twin grains was associated with features on the Al 2 O 3 surface. Increasing total pressure and Cu vapor pressure during annealing decreased the roughness of Cu and and CuxNiy films. Graphene grown on the Ni(111) films was more uniform than that grown on polycrystalline Ni/SiO 2 films, but still showed thickness variations on a much smaller length scale than the distance between grains.Official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; not subject to copyright in the United States arXiv:1205.0833v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]

We conclude that the 2DE assessment of left ventricular systolic function provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in subjects presenting to the ER with cardiac-related symptoms.