Successful treatment of a fever associated with consistent pulmonary isolation of <i>Scopulariopsis</i> sp. in a mare

Nappert, Germain; Dyck, Terry; Papich, Mark G.; Chirino‐Trejo, Manuel

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03116.x

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Loperamide has been shown to increase plasma concentration of MLs ( Lifschitz et al, 2002 ) and, additionally it reduces faecal transit time and therefore may increase exposure time of parasites to ML in the gut. Based on the data presented here it would be logical to suggest an in vivo trial of Pgp-inhibitor-IVM combination therapy in Equidae, and reassuringly some known P-gp inhibitors have already been used systemically in Equidae, for example K ( Nappert et al, 1996 ), and loperamide ( Sanchez, 2014 ), which may facilitate future work. When considering in vivo trials it is important to be aware of the potential side effects of drug interactions, for example increased toxicity of IVM due to increased bioavailability and plasma levels, however, toxicity has not been noted in published in vivo trials undertaken in other species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

P-glycoproteins play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins

Peachey

Pinchbeck

Matthews

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Anthelmintic resistance is a global problem that threatens sustainable control of the equine gastrointestinal cyathostomins (Phylum Nematoda; Superfamily Strongyloidea). Of the three novel anthelmintic classes that have reached the veterinary market in the last decade, none are currently licenced in horses, hence current control regimens focus on prolonging the useful lifespan of licenced anthelmintics. This approach would be facilitated by knowledge of the resistance mechanisms to the most widely used anthelmintics, the macrocyclic lactones (ML). There are no data regarding resistance mechanisms to MLs in cyathostomins, although in other parasitic nematodes, the ABC transporters, P-glycoproteins (P-gps), have been implicated in playing an important role. Here, we tested the hypothesis that P-gps are, at least in part, responsible for reduced sensitivity to the ML ivermectin (IVM) in cyathostomins; first, by measuring transcript levels of pgp-9 in IVM resistant versus IVM sensitive third stage larvae (L3) pre-and post-IVM exposure in vitro. We then tested the effect of a range of P-gp inhibitors on the effect of IVM against the same populations of L3 using the in vitro larval development test (LDT) and larval migration inhibition test (LMIT). We demonstrated that, not only was pgp-9 transcription significantly increased in IVM resistant compared to IVM sensitive L3 after anthelmintic exposure (p < 0.001), but inhibition of P-gp activity significantly increased sensitivity of the larvae to IVM in vitro, an effect only observed in the IVM resistant larvae in the LMIT. These data strongly implicate a role for P-gps in IVM resistance in cyathostomins. Importantly, this raises the possibility that P-gp inhibitor-IVM combination treatments might be used in vivo to increase the effectiveness of IVM against cyathostomins in Equidae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

P-glycoproteins play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins

Peachey

Pinchbeck

Matthews

et al. 2017

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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“…Presently, the prognosis for many fungal infections is guarded, although some recent reports of therapeutic success exist (Cornick, 1990; Korenek et al. , 1994; Reilly & Palmer, 1994; Nappert et al. , 1996; Begg et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungal infections reported in horses include conidiobolomycosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, pseudalleschiosis, coccidioidomycosis, paecilomycosis, pneumocystosis, scopulariopsis, adiaspiromycosis and candidiasis (Stewart et al, 2008a,b). Presently, the prognosis for many fungal infections is guarded, although some recent reports of therapeutic success exist (Cornick, 1990;Korenek et al, 1994;Reilly & Palmer, 1994;Nappert et al, 1996;Begg et al, 2004;Taintor et al, 2004;Higgins et al, 2006;Stewart et al, 2008a,b). In horses, variable success rates of systemic antimycotic therapy with amphotericin B (Cornick, 1990;Reilly & Palmer, 1994;Begg et al, 2004), itraconazole (Foley & Legendre, 1992;Davis & Legendre, 1994;Korenek et al, 1994), fluconazole (Reilly & Palmer, 1994;Taintor et al, 2004;Higgins et al, 2006), griseofulvin and iodides have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of voriconazole in seven body fluids of adult horses after repeated oral dosing

Passler

Chan

Stewart

et al. 2010

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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The purpose of this study was to assess safety and alterations in body fluid concentrations of voriconazole in normal horses on days 7 and 14 following once daily dose of 4 mg/kg of voriconazole orally for 14 days. Body fluid drug concentrations were determined by the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On day 7, mean voriconazole concentrations of plasma, peritoneal, synovial and cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and urine were 1.47 +/- 0.63, 0.61 +/- 0.22, 0.70 +/- 0.20, 0.62 +/- 0.26, 0.55 +/- 0.32, 79.45 +/- 69.4, and 1.83 +/- 0.44 microg/mL respectively. Mean voriconazole concentrations in the plasma, peritoneal, synovial and cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, ELF and urine on day 14 were 1.60 +/- 0.37, 1.02 +/- 0.27, 0.86 +/- 0.25, 0.64 +/- 0.21, 0.68 +/- 0.13, 47.76 +/- 45.4 and 3.34 +/- 2.17 respectively. Voriconazole concentrations in the bronchoalveolar cell pellet were below the limit of detection. There was no statistically significant difference between voriconazole concentrations of body fluids when comparing days 7 and 14. Results indicated that voriconazole distributes widely into body fluids.

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“…MYCOTIC pneumonia is rarely reported in horses (DeMartini and Riddle 1969, Long and Mitchell 1971, Pearson and others 1983, Blue and others 1987, Green and others 1987, Ruoff 1988, Cornick 1990, Riley and others 1992, King 1993, Buechner‐Maxwell and others 1994, Pace and others 1994, Nappert and others 1996). Factors which have been reported to predispose horses to the development of pulmonary aspergillosis include the protracted use of antimicrobial drugs (Ruoff 1988), an overwhelming challenge by Aspergillus species (Ruoff 1988), treatment with glucocorticoids (Green and others 1987, Nappert and others 1996), stress associated with other debilitating diseases (Green and others 1987), hypercortisolaemia associated with pituitary adenomas (King 1993), ulcerative enterocolitis (Pace and others 1994) and myeloproliferative neoplasia (Blue and others 1987, Buechner‐Maxwell and others 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly reported clinical signs of pulmonary aspergillosis include fever, tachypnoea, tachycardia, weight loss and nasal discharge (Blue and others 1987, Green and others 1987, Ruoff 1988, Cornick 1990, Buechner‐Maxwell and others 1994, Nappert and others 1996), and less common signs have included laminitis and uveitis (Green and others 1987). Some horses, however, may show no clinical signs of mycotic pneumonia (Green and others 1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sudden death of two horses associated with pulmonary aspergillosis

et al. 1999

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The sudden death of two horses was attributed to the rapid and acute development of pulmonary aspergillosis. One horse was making excellent postoperative progress after a jejunal resection and anastomosis for intestinal adhesions. The other horse was being treated routinely for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Signs of fever and an increased respiratory rate were detected shortly before death in the first horse, but no premonitory clinical signs characteristic of pulmonary infection were detected in the horse being treated for EPM. Both horses developed rapidly debilitating, acute pulmonary mycosis and died unexpectedly.

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Successful treatment of a fever associated with consistent pulmonary isolation of Scopulariopsis sp. in a mare

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

P-glycoproteins play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins

P-glycoproteins play a role in ivermectin resistance in cyathostomins

Distribution of voriconazole in seven body fluids of adult horses after repeated oral dosing

Sudden death of two horses associated with pulmonary aspergillosis

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