Successful Treatment of Experimental Western Equine Encephalomyelitis with Hyperimmune Rabbit Serum

Zichis, Joseph; Shaughnessy, Howard J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.35.8.815

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…True, there are reports of experiments in which specific antiserum was injected into animals that subsequently were inoculated with a neurotropic virus. Experiments of this type have shown that specific antibodies given before the inoculation of the virus are capable of preventing infection of the nervous system with the viruses of rabies (5), poliomyelitis (6), equine encephalomyelitis (7,8), and herpes simplex (1,9,10). Presumably, in these experiments, the virus was neutralized principally, or entirely, before nerve cells were infected.…”

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While such experiments are informative in regard to the general question of immunity to neurotropic viruses, they shed little light on the relationship of antibodies to virus infections established within the nervous system. Experiments in which serum treatment has been delayed a period of hours or days after inoculation of virus have been reported with poliomyelitis (11)(12)(13), rabies (5,14), and equine encephalomyelitis (7,8,(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wyckoff and Tesar (16), working with young rhesus monkeys infected by the nasal route with Eastern or Western equine encephalomyelitis virus, found hyperimmune horse serum to be of no value if given after the appearance of fever. Zichis and Shaughnessy (7) have attributed these unfavorable results to the use of insufficient .quantities of antiserum.…”

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently Zichis and Shaughnessy (7) have presented convincing evidence of the efficacy of adequate serum therapy in the treatment of infection with the Western strain of equine encephalomyelitis virus. Guinea pigs were infected by intralingual inoculation of the virus.…”

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Evans

Slavin

Berry

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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In previously reported studies (1-3) it was found that in young mice the intranasal instillation of herpes virus (HF strain) was followed by the prompt invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) by way of all available neural routes. Death resulted regularly on the 4th or 5th day after inoculation, Specific antibodies, acquired as the result of an intraperitoneal injection of immune rabbit serum or by suckling an immune mother, protected young mice from herpetic infection of this sort. In these experiments the antibodies were present in the mice at the time the virus was administered. They presumably protected the mice by preventing the formation of peripheral foci of infection from which invasion of the CNS could occu~In order to determine whether passively acquired antibodies can significantly influence the course of herpetic infection within the CNS of mice, further investigations have been carried out. Disturbance of the "blood-brain barrier," which might affect the penetration of antibodies into the CNS, was avoided by the use of a peripheral site of inoculation. Specific antiserum was injected at various intervals after introduction of the virus, before involvement of the nervous system became apparent. When experimental herpetic infections induced in this manner are treated by administering specific antiserum prior to the appearance of obvious signs of involvement of the nervous system, it is virtually impossible to be certain whether an efficacious result is due to the effect of antibodies at the peripheral focus or within the nervous system. In experiments included in the present report, this difficulty has been circumvented by eliminating, by amputation, the peripheral focus as a complicating factor. It was found that hyperimmune rabbit serum,'injected intraperitoneally, can retard, and in some cases can completely arrest, the progress of an established herpetic infection within the nervous system of mice.

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Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (From the Departments Of Bacteriology And Medicine The Univmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Evans

Slavin

Berry

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Zichis and Shaughnessy (5) reported successful treatment of experimental Western equine encephalomyelitis infection using hyperimmune rabbit serum, but their observations have not been fully confirmed (6). It has been suggested that results of experiments with hyperimmune serum therapy have been inconsistent because of variations in the virulence and incubation periods of the virus strains employed and differences in the potency of antisera (7). However, in all experiments in which positive results were obtained, early administration of potent antiserum was found to be essential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Anesthesia on Experimental Neurotropic Virus Infections

Sulkin¹,

Zarafonetis²,

Goth³

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Anesthesia with diethyl ether significantly alters the course and outcome of experimental infections with the equine encephalomyelitis virus (Eastern or Western type) or with the St. Louis encephalitis virus. No comparable effect is observed in experimental infections produced with rabies or poliomyelitis (Lansing) viruses. The neurotropic virus infections altered by ether anesthesia are those caused by viruses which are destroyed in vitro by this anesthetic, and those infections not affected by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses which apparently are not destroyed by ether in vitro. Another striking difference between these two groups of viruses is their pathogenesis in the animal host; those which are inhibited in vivo by ether anesthesia tend to infect cells of the cortex, basal ganglia, and only occasionally the cervical region of the cord. On the other hand, those which are not inhibited in vivo by ether anesthesia tend to involve cells of the lower central nervous system and in the case of rabies, peripheral nerves. This difference is of considerable importance in view of the fact that anesthetics affect cells of the lower central nervous system only in very high concentrations. It is obvious from the complexity of the problem that no clear-cut statement can be made at this point as to the mechanism of the observed effect of ether anesthesia in reducing the mortality rate in certain of the experimental neurotropic virus infections. Important possibilities include a direct specific effect of diethyl ether upon the virus and a less direct effect of the anesthetic upon the virus through its alteration of the metabolism of the host cell.

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Western Equine Encephalomyelitis in Chicago

Saphir¹

1949

JAMA

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Successful Treatment of Experimental Western Equine Encephalomyelitis with Hyperimmune Rabbit Serum

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Studies on Herpetic Infection in Mice

Influence of Anesthesia on Experimental Neurotropic Virus Infections

Western Equine Encephalomyelitis in Chicago

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