Successional Change of the Fungal Microbiome Pine Seedling Roots Inoculated With Tricholoma matsutake

Abstract

The pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake; Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that produces a commercially valuable, edible mushrooms. Attempts to artificially cultivate T. matsutake has so far been unsuccessful. One method used to induce T. matsutake to produce fruiting bodies of in the wild is shiro (mycelial aggregations of T. matsutake) transplantation. In vitro ectomycorrhization of T. matsutake with seedlings of Pinus densiflora has been successful, but field trials showed limited production of fruiting bodies. Few studies have been done to test what happens after transplantation in the wild, whether T. matsutake persists on the pine seedling roots or gets replaced by other fungi. Here, we investigated the composition and the interaction of the root fungal microbiome of P. densiflora seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake over a 3 year period after field transplantation, using high-throughput sequencing. We found a decline of T. matsutake colonization on pine roots and succession of mycorrhizal fungi as P. densiflora seedlings grew. Early on, roots were colonized by fast-growing, saprotrophic Ascomycota, then later replaced by early stage ectomycorrhiza such as Wilcoxina. At the end, more competitive Suillus species dominated the host roots. Most of the major OTUs had negative or neutral correlation with T. matsutake, but several saprotrophic/plant pathogenic/mycoparasitic species in genera Fusarium, Oidiodendron, and Trichoderma had positive correlation with T. matsutake. Four keystone species were identified during succession; two species (Fusarium oxysporum, and F. trincintum) had a positive correlation with T. matsutake, while the other two had a negative correlation (Suillus granulatus, Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum). These findings have important implications for further studies on the artificial cultivation of T. matsutake.

Pyrosequencing and Taxonomic Composition of the Fungal Community from Soil of Tricholoma matsutake in Gyeongju

“…Park and his colleagues conducted in vitro transplantation of P. densiflora seedlings inoculated with T. matsutake and showed the different results from our study covering several points [ 54 ]. Our study did not have a significant change of the transplantation which they conducted, but only observed seasonal changes and regional differences in the wild environment in which T. matsutake grows, so there was a clear difference from the in vitro experiment.…”

Establishment of Biocontrol Agents and Their Impact on Rhizosphere Microbiome and Induced Grapevine Defenses Are Highly Soil-Dependent

“…Other studies have already reported a negative impact on Trichoderma spp. inoculations on plant microbiome diversities (Park et al 2020;Stummer et al 2022;Sui et al 2022). According to the LEfSe analysis, fungal pathogens responsible to grapevine trunk diseases, like Ilyonectria, and Diaporthe (Gramaje et al 2018) reduced overtime, and/or in plants inoculated with Ta SC1.…”

Draft Genome Sequence for the Symbiotic Pine Mushroom Tricholoma matsutake

“…The production of Tricholoma matsutake , a symbiotic pine mushroom, has declined due to climate change and newly occurring pine tree diseases ( 1 , 2 ), emphasizing the need to understand the mycorrhizal symbiosis with coniferous trees ( 3 , 4 ). Although genomes of T. matsutake have been sequenced ( 5 – 7 ) ( Table 1 ), they are highly fragmented, limiting in-depth molecular analysis.…”