Suckling behavior of Llama (Lama glama glama) and Chapman's Zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum) in captivity

Prescott, Jacques

doi:10.1016/0304-3762(81)90086-9

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This has been neglected in many earlier studies on equids, however (Tyler 1972;Martin-Rosset et al 1978;Prescott 1981;Duncan et al 1984;Crowell-Davis 1985;Smith-Funk and Crowell-Davis 1992;Heitor and Vicente 2008). Therefore, these characteristics should be considered in future studies on suckling behaviour in equids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Further evidence for sex differences in suckling behaviour of captive plains zebra foals

2011

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Sex differences in suckling behaviour could be explained either by different maternal investment or by different behaviour of young. Previously, we found sex differences in rejection and termination of suckling bouts in captive plains zebras (Equus burchellii). In this study, we analysed the length of suckling bout interruptions and unsuccessful subsequent attempts which followed a successful suckling bout in plains zebra foals at Dvůr Králové Zoo. When a suckling bout was interrupted, male foals resumed the bout sooner than female foals. The probability of a subsequent attempt decreased with increasing age in female foals but did not change in male foals. These results demonstrate higher effort in suckling interest by male foals, who tried to suckle more than female foals. Although we found sex bias in the effort to suckle, which suggested higher parent-offspring conflict in male offspring, we cannot omit a sex bias in milk supply by the mother.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Further evidence for sex differences in suckling behaviour of captive plains zebra foals

2011

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“…Incomplete development of motor patterns in very young calves could also be involved. Frequent short suckles may also serve to reinforce the mother-infant bond and stimulate the following response of the young, and this must occur particularly when the young is disturbed (Lent 1966(Lent , 1974Prescott 1981;Shackleton and Haywood 1985;Festa-Bianchet 1988). In addition, greater nutritional requirements in early lactation may increase the time mothers spend eating (Peart 1967;Arman et al 1974;Cowan et al 1980;White et al 1981), and this higher level of activity may in turn have contributed to the higher suckling frequency by the youngest calves (see Horesji 1976 andMandiki et al 1989).…”

Section: Temporal Suckling Patternsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Suckling, weaning, and growth in captive woodland caribou

Lavigueur¹,

Barrette²

1992

Can. J. Zool.

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LAVIGUEUR, L., and BARRETTE, C. 1992. Suckling, weaning, and growth in captive woodland caribou. Can. J. Zool. 70:1753 -1766. To delimit the different stages of the weaning process and to understand the relationship between suckling and growth, the evolution of suckling performance and mother -young interactions associated with milk transfer was closely monitored in a group of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) from birth up to 160 days. Suckling rate and total suckling time dropped rapidly during the first 20 days and slowly thereafter, while suckle duration remained stable during the first 20 days and decreased gradually thereafter. In the first 20 days of life, suckling success declined from 90 to 50%, the proportion of suckles terminated by the mother increased from 30 to 90%, and the proportion of suckles with bunting increased from 40 to almost 100%. The mother licked the calf in 70% of the suckles from birth to 20 days, 40% from 20 to 40 days, and less than 20% subsequently. Suckles with licking were longer than suckles without licking during the first 30 days of life. Suckling was initiated by the calf in more than 80% of the suckles, even in the first days of life. No sex differences were found at any age for any of the behavioral variables measured. Birth weights and growth rates of males from 0 to 45 days, however, were higher than those of females. Growth rates from birth to 45 days were positively correlated with suckling rate during the first 35 days. From 46 to 100 days, growth rates were positively correlated with time spent feeding on pelleted ration and on hay. We suggest that metabolic weaning could begin at around 15 -20 days, when suckling success and the mother's contribution to establishing and maintaining suckling interactions decreased most steeply. The end of metabolic weaning could occur at 40-45 days, when suckling rate, suckling success, and the mother's contribution to suckling reached low values from which they declined very slowly to the end of behavioral weaning. Behavioral weaning was not yet completed at the age of 160 days. LAVIGUEUR, L., et BARRETTE, C. 1992. Suckling, weaning, and growth in captive woodland caribou. Can. J. Zool. 70 : 1753 -1766. Pour tenter de delimiter les differentes phases du processus de sevrage et pour comprendre la relation entre l'allaitement et la croissance, des mesures fines de la performance d'allaitement ont etC effectuees chez un groupe de Caribous des bois (Rangifer tarandus caribou), de la naissance a 160 jours. La frequence et la duree totale des allaitements ont baisse rapidement au cours des 20 premiers jours, et trks lentement par la suite, alors que la durte moyenne des allaitements est deme;rte relativement constante pendant cette periode et a ensuite diminue graduellement. De la naissance a 20 jours, le succks de I'allaitement a baisse de 90 a 50% et la proportion des allaitements terminks par la mkre a augment6 de 30 a 90%. Le lechage du faon par la mkre, qui etait observe dans 70% des allaitements de 0 a 20 jours, se produis...

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“…Although suckling behavior has been studied intensively in horses, only 2 reports have dealt with the suckling behavior of the plains zebra (Prescott, 1981;Becker and Ginsberg, 1990), and neither included information about the termination or rejection of suckling bouts. Thus, there is a need for basic biological information about the most common nondomesticated equid species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suckling behavior in captive plains zebra (Equus burchellii): Sex differences in foal behavior1

Pluháček

Bartošová

Bartoš

2010

Journal of Animal Science

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We predicted that the proportion of suckling attempts rejected and terminated by the mother would be greater for female foals than male foals, based on parent offspring conflict theory and on the assumption that throughout the study, all zebra mothers were in good condition because of captivity. We presumed that an increasing rate of suckling terminated or rejected by a mother would indicate a decreasing effort by the mother to invest in her offspring. We observed foals of captive plains zebras at the Dvůr Králové Zoo, Czech Republic. We found that the probability of successful suckling tended (slope = 0.0016; Z = 1.78; P = 0.074) to increase with increasing age of the female foals, but decreased (slope = -0.0018; Z = -2.51; P = 0.012) with increasing age of the male foals. The proportion of suckling bouts terminated by the mother decreased (slope = -0.0077; Z = -4.27; P < 0.0001) with increasing age of the female foals, but not the male foals (slope = -0.0005; Z = -0.34; P = 0.732). Our results indicate that conflict between mothers and female foals was less than that between mothers and male foals. The observed sex differences in termination and rejection of suckling bouts could be explained by the different behavior of the male and female foals, or by the selective maternal investment. Finally, we revealed no significant effect of herdmates on suckling behavior.

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Suckling behavior of Llama (Lama glama glama) and Chapman's Zebra (Equus burchelli antiquorum) in captivity

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Further evidence for sex differences in suckling behaviour of captive plains zebra foals

Further evidence for sex differences in suckling behaviour of captive plains zebra foals

Suckling, weaning, and growth in captive woodland caribou

Suckling behavior in captive plains zebra (Equus burchellii): Sex differences in foal behavior1

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