Sucralose enhances GLP-1 release and lowers blood glucose in the presence of carbohydrate in healthy subjects but not in patients with type 2 diabetes

Temizkan, Şule; Deyneli, Oğuzhan; Yaşar, Mehmet; Arpa, Medeni; Gunes, Mutlu; Yazıcı, Dilek; Sirikci, Onder; Haklar, Goncagül; İmeryüz, Neşe; Yavuz, Dilek

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.208

Cited by 102 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This suggests an action of other components in the cola or a learned association between cola consumption and carbohydrate challenge. One report noted sucralose enhanced GLP-1 release to a mashed potato meal and lowered the glycemic response in healthy adults, though insulin concentrations were unaffected [81]. Another report observed no effect of sucralose on GLP-1 or GIP concentrations nor an effect on gastric emptying [77].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form

Dhillon

Lee

Mattes

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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The purpose of the study was to examine the role of the cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) following exposure to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form in overweight and obese adults. In addition, the role of learning on the CPIR to nutritive and low-calorie sweetener exposure was tested. Sixty-four overweight and obese adults (age: 18–50 yr, BMI: 24–37 kg/m2, body fat percentage > 25% for men and > 32% for women) were sham-fed (at 2-minute intervals for 14 minutes) a randomly assigned test load comprised of a nutritive (sucrose) or low calorie sweetener (sucralose) in beverage or solid form in phase 1 of the study. A 2–3 ml blood sample was collected before and 2, 6, 10, 14, 61, 91 and 121 minutes after oral exposure for serum insulin and glucose analysis. During phase 2, participants underwent a 2-week training period to facilitate associative learning between the sensory properties of test loads and their post-ingestive effects. In phase 3, participants were retested for their cephalic phase responses as in phase 1. Participants were classified as responders if they demonstrated a positive insulin response (rise of serum insulin above baseline i.e. Δ insulin) 2 minutes post-stimulus in phase 1. Among responders exposed to the same sweetener in Phases 1 and 3, the proportion of participants that displayed a rise of insulin with oral exposure to sucralose was significantly greater when the stimulus was in the solid form compared to the beverage form. Sucralose and sucrose exposure elicited similarly significant increases in serum insulin 2 minutes after exposure and significant decreases after 2 minutes in responders in both food forms. The solid food form elicited greater CPIR over 2, 6 and 10 minutes than the beverage form. There was no effect of learning on insulin responses after training. The results indicate the presence of a significant CPIR in a subset of individuals with overweight or obesity after oral exposure to sucralose, especially when present in solid food form. Future studies must confirm the reliability of this response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form

Dhillon

Lee

Mattes

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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“…This is the case in cell culture (130), but support in animal models (101) and humans has been weak. Trials have reported no effect of sucralose on plasma GLP-1 or plasma glucose (170); no effect on GLP-1 and an increase in glucose (207) a rise of GLP-1 with no effect on glucose (41) and an elevation of GLP-1 with a lower glucose concentration (255). There is no resolution of the matter at this point.…”

Section: Endocrine Responses To Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

et al. 2016

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Each of the macronutrients, carbohydrate, protein and fat, has a unique set of properties that influence health, but all are a source of energy. The optimal balance of their contribution to the diet has been a long-standing matter of debate. Over the past half century, there has been a progression of thinking regarding the mechanisms by which each may contribute to energy balance. At the beginning of this time period, the emphasis was on metabolic signals that initiated eating events (i.e., determined eating frequency). This was followed by an orientation to gut endocrine signals that purportedly modulate the size of eating events (i.e., determined portion size). Most recently, research attention has been directed to the brain where the reward signals elicited by the macronutrients are viewed as potentially problematic (i.e., contribute to disordered eating). At this point the predictive power of the macronutrients for energy intake remains limited.

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“…Only 1 study has shown a significant increase in plasma insulin responses, and interestingly there were no effects on GLP-1 or blood sugar outcomes [70] . In contrast, a later study showed that HPS enhanced GLP-1, reduced blood sugar, and had no effect on insulin responses [73] . Three studies have shown significant enhancement of GLP-1 responses with no effects on blood sugar or insulin [56,71,72] .…”

Section: T1rs May Promote Plasma Glucose Clearancementioning

confidence: 92%

Type 1 Taste Receptors in Taste and Metabolism

Kochem

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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Our sense of taste allows us to evaluate the nutritive value of foods prior to ingesting them. Sweet taste signals the presence of sugars, and savory taste signals the presence of amino acids. The ability to identify these macronutrients in foods was likely crucial for the survival of our species when nourishing food sources were sparse. In modern, industrialized settings, taste perception continues to play an important role in human health as we attempt to prevent and treat conditions stemming from overnutrition. Recent research has revealed that type 1 taste receptors (T1Rs), which are largely responsible for sweet and umami taste, may also influence the absorption and metabolism of the foods we eat. Preliminary research shows that T1Rs contribute to intestinal glucose absorption, blood sugar and insulin regulation, and the body's responses to excessive energy intake. In light of these findings, T1Rs have come to be understood as nutrient sensors, among other roles, that facilitate the selection, digestion, and metabolism of foods.

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Sucralose enhances GLP-1 release and lowers blood glucose in the presence of carbohydrate in healthy subjects but not in patients with type 2 diabetes

Cited by 102 publications

References 24 publications

The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form

The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form

The Macronutrients, Appetite, and Energy Intake

Type 1 Taste Receptors in Taste and Metabolism

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