Sucrose promotes stem branching through cytokinin

Salam, Bolaji Babajide; Barbier, François; Danieli, Raz; Teper‐Bamnolker, Paula; Ziv, Carmit; Spíchal, Lukáš; Aruchamy, Kalaivani; Shnaider, Yula; Leibman, Diana; Shaya, Felix; Carmeli-Weissberg, Mira; Gal‐On, Amit; Jiang, Jiming; Ori, Naomi; Beveridge, Christine A.; Eshel, Dani

doi:10.1093/plphys/kiab003

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The inhibitory effect of auxin on shoot branching is mediated by the antagonistic action of CK and SL (Rameau et al ., 2015; Barbier et al ., 2019b). Sugars have been reported to promote CK synthesis and accumulation in rose, potato stems and in arabidopsis shoots (Barbier et al ., 2015b; Kiba et al ., 2019; Salam et al ., 2021). Our results clearly demonstrated that gin2 is CK deficient and that the expression of CK‐related genes, including the CK synthesis gene IPT3 , were well correlated with HXK1 expression under different sugar availability conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously hypothesised that CK levels are important for promoting bud outgrowth when sugars are not readily available for buds (Barbier et al ., 2019b). Accordingly, CK has been reported to promote nutrient sink strength (Roitsch & Ehneß, 2000; Werner et al ., 2008; Peleg et al ., 2011; Wang et al ., 2016; reviewed in Fichtner et al ., 2021b), and it was recently reported that the sugar‐induced bud outgrowth in dark‐grown potato sprouts was mediated, at least partially, by a CK‐induced invertase activity (Salam et al ., 2021). In this view, we would expect that cytokinin synthesis mutants would indeed have a reduced response to decapitation, which enhances sucrose availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways

et al. 2021

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Plant architecture is controlled by several endogenous signals including hormones and sugars. However, only little information is known about the nature and roles of the sugar signalling pathways in this process. Here we test whether the sugar signalling pathway mediated by HEXOKINASE1 (HXK1) is involved in the control of shoot branching.To test the involvement of HXK1 in shoot branching and in the hormonal network controlling this process, we modulated the HXK1 pathway using physiological and genetic approaches in rose, pea and arabidopsis.Mannose-induced HXK signalling triggered bud outgrowth in rose and pea. In arabidopsis, both HXK1 deficiency and defoliation led to decreased shoot branching and conferred hypersensitivity to auxin. Complementation of the HXK1 knockout mutant gin2 with a catalytically inactive HXK1, restored shoot branching to the wild-type level. HXK1-deficient plants displayed decreased cytokinin levels and increased expression of MAX2, which is required for strigolactone signalling. The branching phenotype of HXK1-deficient plants could be partly restored by cytokinin treatment and strigolactone deficiency could override the negative impact of HXK1 deficiency on shoot branching.Our observations demonstrate that HXK1 signalling contributes to the regulation of shoot branching and interacts with hormones to modulate plant architecture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways

et al. 2021

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“…(2021) quantified the very early rosette bud growth that occurs after the floral transition but before bolting in long days, and observed less growth in plants with less photosynthetically active light. Recent advances in shoot branching research have illustrated that the release of bud dormancy and outgrowth into a new branch are dependent on sugar availability and involve sugar signalling pathways, notably mediated by trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) and HEXOKINASE1, which interact with the hormones controlling branching (Mason et al, 2014; Barbier et al, 2015; Fichtner et al, 2017; Tarancón et al, 2017; Bertheloot et al, 2020; Barbier et al, 2021; Fichtner et al, 2021b; Salam et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants have developed different signalling pathways involved in sugar sensing, thus allowing plants to adjust their metabolism, growth and development to specific environmental conditions (Li and Sheen, 2016; Fichtner et al, 2021a). Some recent work has highlighted that sugar signalling pathways interact with auxin, strigolactone and cytokinin pathways to promote bud outgrowth (Barbier et al, 2015; Bertheloot et al, 2020; Fichtner et al, 2021b; Salam et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different plasticity of bud outgrowth at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Fichtner

Barbier

Kerr

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Shoot branching is a complex mechanism in which secondary shoots grow from buds that are initiated from meristems established in leaf axils. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has a rosette leaf growth pattern in the vegetative stage. After flowering initiation, the main stem starts to elongate with the top leaf primordia developing into cauline leaves. Meristems in arabidopsis are initiated in the axils of rosette or cauline leaves, giving rise to rosette or cauline buds, respectively. Plasticity in the process of shoot branching is regulated by resource and nutrient availability as well as by plant hormones. However, few studies have attempted to test whether cauline and rosette branching are subject to the same plasticity. Here, we addressed this question by phenotyping cauline and rosette branching in three arabidopsis ecotypes and several arabidopsis mutants with varied shoot architectures. Our results show that there is no negative correlation between cauline and rosette branch numbers in arabidopsis, demonstrating that there is no trade-off between cauline and rosette bud outgrowth. Through investigation of the altered branching pattern of flowering pathway mutants and arabidopsis ecotypes grown in various photoperiods and light regimes, we further elucidated that the number of cauline branches is closely related to flowering time. The number or rosette branches has an enormous plasticity compared with cauline branches and is influenced by genetic background, flowering time, light intensity and temperature. Our data reveal different plasticity in the regulation of branching at rosette and cauline nodes and promote a framework for future branching analyses.

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“…The interactions among sugars and hormones during the control of bud outgrowth are not yet fully resolved. Recent studies have indicated that sucrose can antagonise the effect of auxin by inhibiting SL perception to promote bud outgrowth (Bertheloot et al, 2020) and that the promotion of growth by cytokinins may only be effective under conditions where sugars are not readily available (Barbier et al, 2015b;Salam et al, 2021). Interactions between sugars and strigolactones have been recently highlighted in rice during the control of shoot architecture by the circadian clock (Wang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sucrose promotes D53 accumulation and tillering in rice

Patil

Barbier

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Shoot branching, which is regulated by a complex signalling network, is a major component of plant architecture and therefore of crop yield. Sugars, acting in a network with hormones, have recently emerged as key players in the control of shoot branching. Previous studies in dicotyledonous plants have shown that sucrose suppresses the inhibitory effect of the plant hormone strigolactone (SL) during this process. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. Here we show that sucrose could antagonise the suppressive action of SL on tillering in rice. At the mechanistic level, we revealed that sucrose alleviates SL-mediated degradation of D53. Increase in sucrose availability inhibits the expression of D3, which encodes the orthologue of the arabidopsis F-box MAX2 required for SL signalling. Over-expression of D3 prevented sucrose from inhibiting D53 degradation and enabled the SL inhibition of tillering under high sucrose. The enhanced bud elongation of the d3 mutant to sucrose treatment indicates that suppressed SL perception reduces the minimum amount of sucrose required for sustained bud outgrowth. Decapitation and sugar feeding experiments in pea indicate that RMS4, the D3/MAX2 orthologue in pea, is also involved in the interactions between sucrose and SL. This work shows that D3/MAX2/RMS4 is a key component in the integrating both SL and sugar pathways during the regulation of shoot architecture.

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Sucrose promotes stem branching through cytokinin

Cited by 70 publications

References 87 publications

HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways

HEXOKINASE1 signalling promotes shoot branching and interacts with cytokinin and strigolactone pathways

Different plasticity of bud outgrowth at cauline and rosette nodes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sucrose promotes D53 accumulation and tillering in rice

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