Sudden oak death-caused changes to surface fuel loading and potential fire behavior in Douglas-fir-tanoak forests

Valachovic, Yana; Lee, Christopher A.; Scanlon, Hugh; Varner, J. Morgan; Glebocki, Radoslaw; Graham, Bradley D.; Rizzo, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.024

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…ramorum treatments can also change the fuels profile of the stand: as shown in Table 2, treatments involving cutting reduced duff depths, litter depths, and fuel bed heights over those in the "no treatment" reference stands, while the addition of prescribed fire reduced litter and duff depths to an even greater degree when compared to untreated and cutting only. Herbicide treatment elevated fuel bed height, but this effect declined over time, and the fuel bed heights observed in this study were still lower than those observed in similar diseased or herbicide-treated stands in a previous study (Valachovic et al 2011). Fuels management should be factored into P. ramorum treatment project design, and if addressed properly, it can result in an improvement in the overall fuels condition of a stand.…”

Section: Effects Of Treatments On Standcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Forest stand conditions after Phytophthora ramorum management in northern California: post-treatment observations inform future responses

Frankel

2017

For Phytophthoras

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In 2006, several isolated Phytophthora ramorum infested locations were selected just outside an 800-ha infested area in southern Humboldt County, California, for silvicultural treatments that targeted the removal and/or reduction of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), the main tree hosts supporting sporulation of P. ramorum. The treatments included cutting of hosts, cutting with burning, and herbicide removal. Important differences emerged between the treatment responses in shrub cover, tanoak resprouting, fuel loads, and host tree regeneration. In 2010, another isolated infestation was verified in northern Humboldt County. This infestation was 80 km away from the core infested area in southern Humboldt. Stand-level P. ramorum disease dynamic models and forest growth simulations parameterized with data collected in this northern infestation suggested that California bay laurel and tanoak thinning treatments may slow tanoak mortality, foster a greater component of mature tanoak over the next 100 years, and contribute to greater amounts of livetree carbon. Reviewing these long-running, landscape-scale P. ramorum management projects provides a platform to inform future adaptive management of P. ramorum. This paper summarizes two presentations from the Sixth

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Section: Effects Of Treatments On Standcontrasting

confidence: 50%

Forest stand conditions after Phytophthora ramorum management in northern California: post-treatment observations inform future responses

Frankel

2017

For Phytophthoras

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“…Therefore, either disturbance can cause changes to forest composition and influence the extent or severity of a subsequent disturbance. Variation in surface and crown fuel amount and quality at different stages of the disease epidemic create the potential for complex fire-disease interactions in the SOD pathosystem (Kuljian and Varner 2010, Metz et al 2011, Valachovic et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected redwood mortality from synergies between wildfire and an emerging infectious disease

Metz

Varner

Frangioso

et al. 2013

Ecology

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Abstract. An under-examined component of global change is the alteration of disturbance regimes due to warming climates, continued species invasions, and accelerated land-use change. These drivers of global change are themselves novel ecosystem disturbances that may interact with historically occurring disturbances in complex ways. Here we use the natural experiment presented by wildfires in redwood forests impacted by an emerging infectious disease to demonstrate unexpected synergies of novel disturbance interactions. The dominant tree, coast redwood (fire resistant without negative disease impacts), experienced unexpected synergistic increases in mortality when fire and disease co-occurred. The increased mortality risk, more than fourfold at the peak of the effect, was not predictable from impacts of either disturbance alone. Changes in fire behavior associated with changes to forest fuels that occurred through disease progression overwhelmed redwood's usual resilience to wildfire. Our results demonstrate the potential for interacting disturbances to initiate novel successional trajectories and compromise ecosystem resilience.

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“…A strong positive correlation is present between the overall stand incidence of bay laurels and levels of SOD-related mortality of oaks and tanoaks, indicating the primary infectious role played by this species (18,30,53,78,82,83). Additionally, sudden oak death incidence has been associated with higher fuel loads (74,116) and fire-related mortality of medium-sized redwoods has been observed to be significantly higher in areas with higher SOD incidence (87), providing evidence of the cascading effects of the abundance of bay laurels in forest stands affected by SOD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sudden Oak Death: Interactions of the Exotic Oomycete Phytophthora ramorum with Naïve North American Hosts

Garbelotto

Hayden

2012

Eukaryot Cell

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Ten years after a threatening and previously unknown disease of oaks and tanoaks appeared in coastal California, a significant amount of progress has been made toward the understanding of its causal agent Phytophthora ramorum and of the novel pathosystems associated with this exotic organism. However, a complete understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of this species still eludes us. In part, our inability to fully understand this organism is due to its phylogenetic, phylogeographic, phenotypic, and epidemiological complexities, all reviewed in this paper. Most lines of evidence suggest that the high degree of disease severity reported in California is not simply due to a generalized lack of resistance or tolerance in naïve hosts but also to an innate ability of the pathogen to survive in unfavorable climatic conditions and to reproduce rapidly when conditions become once again favorable.

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Sudden oak death-caused changes to surface fuel loading and potential fire behavior in Douglas-fir-tanoak forests

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

Forest stand conditions after Phytophthora ramorum management in northern California: post-treatment observations inform future responses

Forest stand conditions after Phytophthora ramorum management in northern California: post-treatment observations inform future responses

Unexpected redwood mortality from synergies between wildfire and an emerging infectious disease

Sudden Oak Death: Interactions of the Exotic Oomycete Phytophthora ramorum with Naïve North American Hosts

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