Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora Ramorum) Discovered on Trees in Europe

Brasier, C. M.; Denman, Sandra; Brown, A. V.; Webber, Joan

doi:10.1017/s0953756204221244

Cited by 104 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…has been detected [68]. Other recent challenges to UK biosecurity have included the introduction of P. ramorum and Phytophthora kernoviae [59,69], infecting a wide range of ornamental and wild plant species [70]. To help cope with such threats, policies have been developed at international, national and regional levels.…”

Section: Hindsight and The Future Of Regulatory Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Mills

Dehnen‐Schmutz

Ilbery

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Plant diseases threaten both food security and the botanical diversity of natural ecosystems. Substantial research effort is focused on pathogen detection and control, with detailed risk management available for many plant diseases. Risk can be assessed using analytical techniques that account for disease pressure both spatially and temporally. We suggest that such technical assessments of disease risk may not provide an adequate guide to the strategies undertaken by growers and government to manage plant disease. Instead, risk-management strategies need to account more fully for intuitive and normative responses that act to balance conflicting interests between stakeholder organizations concerned with plant diseases within the managed and natural environments. Modes of effective engagement between policy makers and stakeholders are explored in the paper, together with an assessment of such engagement in two case studies of contemporary non-indigenous diseases in one food and in one non-food sector. Finally, a model is proposed for greater integration of stakeholders in policy decisions.

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Section: Hindsight and The Future Of Regulatory Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Mills

Dehnen‐Schmutz

Ilbery

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Exotic pathogens often face little natural resistance outside their native ranges and so have caused severe environmental and economic damage in natural and cultivated plant communities. A prominent example is sudden oak death (causal agent Phytophthora ramorum), which has caused extensive environmental damage to woodland communities in the western Uniited States since its introduction in 1995 (Rizzo and Garbelotto 2003) and currently poses a significant threat to heathland and woodland environments in the United Kingdom (Brasier et al 2004). Another example is ash dieback (Chalara fraxinea), a damaging fungal disease that has recently invaded a number of countries in Europe (Kowalski 2009, Chandelier et al 2011, Husson et al 2011, Timmermann et al 2011, Bari c et al 2012, Bengtsson et al 2013, prompting the rapid deployment of extensive surveying and control resources (Anonymous 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A generic risk‐based surveying method for invading plant pathogens

Parnell

Gottwald

Riley

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Invasive plant pathogens are increasing with international trade and travel, with damaging environmental and economic consequences. Recent examples include tree diseases such as sudden oak death in the Western United States and ash dieback in Europe. To control an invading pathogen it is crucial that newly infected sites are quickly detected so that measures can be implemented to control the epidemic. However, since sampling resources are often limited, not all locations can be inspected and locations must be prioritized for surveying. Existing approaches to achieve this are often species specific and rely on detailed data collection and parameterization, which is difficult, especially when new arrivals are unanticipated. Consequently regulatory sampling responses are often ad hoc and developed without due consideration of epidemiology, leading to the suboptimal deployment of expensive sampling resources. We introduce a flexible risk-based sampling method that is pathogen generic and enables available information to be utilized to develop epidemiologically informed sampling programs for virtually any biologically relevant plant pathogen. By targeting risk we aim to inform sampling schemes that identify high-impact locations that can be subsequently treated in order to reduce inoculum in the landscape. This ''damage limitation'' is often the initial management objective following the first discovery of a new invader. Risk at each location is determined by the product of the basic reproductive number (R 0 ), as a measure of local epidemic size, and the probability of infection. We illustrate how the risk estimates can be used to prioritize a survey by weighting a random sample so that the highest-risk locations have the highest probability of selection. We demonstrate and test the method using a high-quality spatially and temporally resolved data set on Huanglongbing disease (HLB) in Florida, USA. We show that even when available epidemiological information is relatively minimal, the method has strong predictive value and can result in highly effective targeted surveying plans.

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“…We have only isolated these Phytophthora species from nursery seedlings or strawberry plants, but P. cactorum and P. plurivora are known to cause necrotic lesions, root rot and high mortality also in trees growing naturally in Germany and Denmark (Werres et al 1995, Thinggaard 2009). Phytophthora ramorum has been detected on trees in Great Britain and the Netherlands and on ornamentals in most European countries (Brasier et al 2004, EPPO 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were resistant (Lilja et al 2007(Lilja et al , 2010. Although the pathogen has been detected in many European hardwoods (Brasier et al 2004, EPPO 2010, a serious SOD epidemic has so far only occurred in the western US. In Europe, P. ramorum has mainly been implicated as the cause of leaf, twig and shoot blight in different ornamental hosts found commonly in nurseries and parks and infected trees have grown near diseased rhododendrons (Werres et al 2001, EPPO 2010.…”

Section: Phytophthora Ramorum a New Invader Causing Severe Problems mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years

Lilja

Rytkönen²,

Hantula³

2008

AFSci

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The comparative ease and speed of international trade and travel have enabled or enhanced the spread of pests around the globe. For example, trade in ornamental plants has bolstered the spread of alien Oomycetes such as pathogenic species of Phytophthora. To date, four Phytophthora species have been identified in Finland: P. cactorum on Fragaria x ananassa, Betula pendula and Rhododendron spp., P. plurivora on Rhododendron spp. and Syringa vulgaris, and P. pini and P. ramorum on Rhododendron spp. The ascomycete Colletotrichum acutatum, which was listed as a quarantine pathogen by the European Union until 2009, was introduced in 2000 and can survive in plant debris over two winters in Finland. Positive PCR results have also been obtained from bait plants grown in soil collected from locations where diseased Fragaria x ananassa plants had earlier been destroyed. In the mid-1990s, there was an epidemic of foliar rust caused by the Asian basidiomycete Melampsoridium hiratsukanum on Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Recently, two ascomycetes that have been introduced are Dothistroma septosporum (responsible for red band needle blight on Pinus sylvestris) and Chalara fraxinea (causing ash decline on Fraxinus excelsior).

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Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora Ramorum) Discovered on Trees in Europe

Cited by 104 publications

References 14 publications

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

Integrating natural and social science perspectives on plant disease risk, management and policy formulation

A generic risk‐based surveying method for invading plant pathogens

Introduced pathogens found on ornamentals, strawberry and trees in Finland over the past 20 years

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