Sudden Retinal Manifestations of Intranasal Cocaine and Methamphetamine Abuse

Zeiter, John H.; Corder, Donna M.; Madion, Mathew P.; McHenry, John G.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)74073-5

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Decreased visual acuity or transient loss of vision and retinal hemorrhage have been reported in amphetamine and cocaine abuse. 37,38 Most of these ocular effects are thought to be due to the sympathomimetic effects of vasoconstriction or vasospasm. 37 It is reasonable to assume that synthetic cathinones may have a similar effect although the exact mechanism has not been well studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic cathinone poisoning from ingestion of drug-laced “instant coffee packets” in Taiwan

et al. 2021

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Background: Synthetic cathinone abuse is a global health issue. Synthetic cathinones emerged in Taiwan in 2009, and their prevalence rapidly rose. They are usually made into “instant coffee packets,” and these so-called “toxic coffee packets” may also contain psychoactive drugs other than synthetic cathinones. Due to the diversity of the ingredients, clinical presentations can be complex. Methods: Retrospective analysis of emergency department (ED) patients who reported ingesting toxic coffee packets at three Chang-Gung Memorial Hospitals located in northern Taiwan between January, 2015 and December, 2019. Results: Sixty patients were included. Their mean age was 28.85 ± 9.24 years and 47(78.33%) were male. The most common presentations were palpitation, agitation, hallucination, and altered consciousness. Tachycardia and hypertension were common, while hyperthermia was observed in only three patients. Three patients (5%) developed rhabdomyolysis, and one underwent transient hemodialysis. Most patients were discharged from the ED, but 15(25%) were admitted, of whom nine (15%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and one eventually died. Confirmation tests (mass-spectrometry-based analysis) were available in 10 patients; all reported positive for at least one type of synthetic cathinone. Polysubstance exposure was common. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, Glasgow coma scale ≤13 and the presence of seizure were associated with ICU admission. Conclusion: Patients who report ingesting toxic coffee packets are very likely to have been exposed to synthetic cathinones. Polysubstance exposure is common following ingestion. Cardiovascular and neurological symptoms are the main presentations, and severe complications such as rhabdomyolysis and life-threatening dysrhythmia can occur.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic cathinone poisoning from ingestion of drug-laced “instant coffee packets” in Taiwan

et al. 2021

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“…Despite extensive illicit use 1 , 2 , 3 and risk‐reduction programs suggesting that injection users switch to other routes of administration, 4 relatively little is known about the bioavailability of methamphetamine (INN, metamfetamine) when taken by intranasal or smoked routes. Case reports of toxic effects of intranasal 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 or smoked 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 methamphetamine have appeared. Smoked methamphetamine is widely abused, 17 , 18 , 19 but only one laboratory has characterized its pharmacokinetics 20 , 21 , 22 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one report has characterized the bioavailability of smoked methamphetamine 21 . Relatively little has been reported on the pharmacokinetics of intranasal methamphetamine, although case reports of adverse consequences have been published 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 . Methamphetamine sniffing or oral ingestion may lead to dependence as readily as intravenous use 23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioavailability of intranasal and smoked methamphetamine

Harris

Boxenbaum

Everhart

et al. 2003

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

116

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“…This case is also complicated by the patient's recent use of cocaine, which has also been associated with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion and bilateral central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). [2][3][4] Catastrophic APAS occurs in ,1% of cases of APAS and is characterized by multiorgan failure and a mortality rate approaching 50%. 5 Diagnostic criteria were established in 2003 and consist of evidence of at least 3 organ systems of involvement: acute onset (,1 week), histopathologic confirmation of smallvessel thrombosis, and laboratory confirmation of APAS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Cocaine Abuse Associated With Bilateral Retinal Vascular Occlusions

Campbell

Burkholder

Dunn

2011

RETINAL Cases &Amp; Brief Reports

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Bilateral central retinal vein occlusion and central retinal artery occlusion have been rarely reported in the literature and are often associated with underlying thrombotic risk factors, such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Workup for underlying hypercoagulability and/or cocaine use should be considered in atypical and bilateral cases of central vein or artery occlusion. In this case, bilateral central retinal artery and vein occlusions developed as manifestations of catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, which has not been previously reported.

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Sudden Retinal Manifestations of Intranasal Cocaine and Methamphetamine Abuse

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Synthetic cathinone poisoning from ingestion of drug-laced “instant coffee packets” in Taiwan

Synthetic cathinone poisoning from ingestion of drug-laced “instant coffee packets” in Taiwan

The bioavailability of intranasal and smoked methamphetamine

Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Cocaine Abuse Associated With Bilateral Retinal Vascular Occlusions

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